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Wellness And Aging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ages ranges for old-old

A

76+

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2
Q

What are the concepts of development genetic theories

A

the process of again is continuous w/ development
development=aging
aging changes are due to genetic programming
genetic influences contribute to longevity of life/illness/age of death etc

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3
Q

What is stochastic theory of aging

A

Aging changes result from an accumulation of random events or damage fro environmental agents or influences (i.e. pollution)
Aging results from conditions which produces mutations in our DNA
Wear and tear leads to accumulated damage to vital parts of the cell leading to death

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4
Q

Normal aging is not what

A

Age specific

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5
Q

What are biological changes considered as in the agin population

A

gradual progressive physiological changes in various systems

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6
Q

What do biological changes include

A

diseases to the elderly such as CHF or respiratory disorders

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7
Q

What happens to the musculoskeletal system as you age

A

Bone mass decreases

loss of muscle mass leading to decreased strength

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8
Q

What are two common musculoskeletal disorders

A

Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

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9
Q

What is OA

A

Bone on bone, no cartilage protection

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10
Q

What happens with osteoporosis

A

Many simple activities can cause stress fractures

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11
Q

How is posture affected in aging

A

postural sway (small circular movt of the body while standing) which is associated with more frequent falls

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12
Q

What are changes that happen to the axial skeleton

A

Forward head position
Increased dorsal kyphosis
flattening of the lumbar spine leading to rounded shoulders,protracted scapula, and slightly flexed elbows

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13
Q

What do changes in the axial skeleton influence

A

Balance
overall wellness
decreased reaction time and speed of movt

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14
Q

What decreases with age in regards to the musculoskeletal system

A

balance nd coordination

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15
Q

What is presbystasis

A

The loss of normal stability due to the incremental and age related changes of the inner ear balance system

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16
Q

What happens to the cardiovascular system in regards to age

A

Decreased muscle cells lost
decreased elasticity of heart walls
L ventricular wall increases
Less effective pump so reduce blood flow to organs
max heart rate decreases
electrical conduction may become abnormal

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17
Q

What is the increase in the L ventricle due to

A

inability of the L ventricle to pump blood to body (back up of blood)

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18
Q

What causes electrical conduction of the heart to become abnormal

A

Fibrotic changes in the heart

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19
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Blood vessels become less elastic and thicken

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20
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

build up of plaque in vessels causing narrowing of vessels

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21
Q

What is a major cause of hypertension

A

atherosclerosis

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22
Q

Who is coronary artery disease most common in

A

men

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23
Q

What does coronary artery disease lead to

A

Angina (chest pain)
Cardiac arrest
MI
Heart failure

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24
Q

As new technology develops to save those with MI what do they go on to get

A

CHF due to damaged muscle

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25
Q

What is vascular dementia

A

Progressive effects of small stroke

May see abrupt onset of cog changes

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26
Q

What is the 2nd most common disease and 3rd most common cause of death in the elderly

A

CVA

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27
Q

Why do older adults have an increased risk of cancer

A

defense mechanisms changing w/ age (body has cancer suppressing genes that are affected with age)
decreased immune response
exposure to env factors
Decreased DNA repair

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28
Q

What does decreased muscle strength in the diaphragm lead to

A

Causes less chest expansion and retention of mucus in the lung resulting in decreased oxygen in the blood

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29
Q

What is COPD usually caused by

A

smoking

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30
Q

What is copd associated with

A

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

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31
Q

What does COPD lead to

A

respiratory failure

32
Q

What is prebyopia

A

general decline in visual acuity

33
Q

What happens to vision as you age

A 
general decline in vision 
Loss of subcutaneous fat around the eye and decreased muscle tone leading to sunken in eyes 
Poor night vision 
blurred vision 
color sensitivity
spotty vision
34
Q

What causes blurred vision

A

decreased corneal transparency

35
Q

what causes poor night vision

A

degeneration of sclera, pupil, and iris

36
Q

What causes loss of color sensitivity

A

increase in density and rigidity of the lens

37
Q

Why is reduced glare important in the elderly

A

They need more light and higher contrast

38
Q

What do retinal changes lead to

A

spotty vision

narrow the field of vision for an increased blind spot size

39
Q

What are some common age related visual disorders

A 
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration 
Slowing of CNS info processing
Diabetic retinopathy
40
Q

What are cataracts

A

opacity of the lens

41
Q

What is glaucoma

A

build up of fluid in the eye causing interocular pressure

42
Q

What is age related macular degeneration

A

painless gradual loss of central vision

43
Q

What can glaucoma lead to if untreated

A

tunnel vision

blindness

44
Q

What does slowing of CNS info processing lead to

A

cant react as quickly

45
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy

A

changes as a result of the disease process of diabetes

46
Q

What is considered the most devastating loss of all sensory systems and why

A

hearing

social participation is greatly affected and leads to isolation. influences safety and security.

47
Q

What is presycusis

A

age related hearing loss

48
Q

What is presycusis usually do to

A

environmental factors

49
Q

what is decreased along with hearing loss

A

Speech understanding

50
Q

What has been found to occur with hearing loss in older aduts

A

depression and increase in paranoia

51
Q

What happens to the taste buds as you age

A

general decrease

52
Q

What does you lose taste for first as you age

A

Sweet and salty

53
Q

What are taste and smell sensitive to

A

environmental factors

54
Q

What does the decreased ability to smell lead to

A

decreased appetite and poor nutrition as food does not taste good anymore

55
Q

What is decreased in the somatosensory system

A 
light touch
pain
temp
position sense
slower nerve conduction 
dietary deficiencies 
diminished circulation
56
Q

What are elderly noted to have difficulty with

A

reacting to extreme hot and cold temp

57
Q

What are some changes that occur in the integumentary system as you age

A

change in skin color
liver spots
loss of subcutaneous fat causing wrinkles and jowls
bone loss in mandible and maxilla causing chin to be shorter
decrease in sweat glands leading to dryer skin
ptosis
gray hair and thinner and finer
nails thicker and yellow

58
Q

What is ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

59
Q

what causes nails to be thicker and yellow

A

decreased circulation

60
Q

What are common problems of the endocrine system in the elderly

A

Diabetes

hypothyroidism

61
Q

What are NOT common problems of the elderly

A

Hormonal imbalances except for reduction of thyroxin and insulin

62
Q

What controls metabolic rate

A

thyroid

63
Q

What happens to the genitourinary system as you age

A 
decrease in bladder control (incontinence or urinary retention)
Sexual changes ((satisfaction remains)
Increase in impotence 
Benign prostate hypertrophy 
changes related to menopause
64
Q

What does benign prostate hypertrophy cause

A

blocks flow of urine

65
Q

what do women going through menopause benefit from

A

estrogen replacement therapy

66
Q

What happens to the nervous system as you age

A

decrease in cells and overall brain weight

decrease in speed of neuron to neuron transmission

67
Q

What is fluid intelligence

A

ability to adapt and use new info in reasoning, problem solving and integration

68
Q

what is crystallized intelligence

A

corresponds to the verbal scales on intelligence tests and reflects the accumulated knowledge and practical skills

69
Q

What happens with age in cognition

A

lower score in fluid intelligence
speed of processing decreases
problem solving and abstraction decline

70
Q

what might a crystallized intelligence decrease indicate

A

disease process

71
Q

What does normal aging not usually affect in memory

A

the earliest stages of memory like primary and short term memory

72
Q

what is secondary or long term memory

A

contain unlimited amount of info for almost any length of time

73
Q

where must info be processed and transferred from

A

from primary to secondary memory

74
Q

What kind of recall is more difficult

A

free recall is more difficult than cued or structured material

75
Q

What is the term now used to describe cognitive changes related to age vs disease

A

age related cognitive decline

76
Q

What are the age ranges for young-old

A

55-75

562 (14 decks)

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