Aging theories Flashcards
What are criticisms of the disengagement theory
doesn’t examine mandator retirement and how it affects others
doesn’t consider opportunities for activity
doesn’t consider individual preferences/personal factors (i.e. physical health and abilities)
doens’t consider different outlooks on activities and meaning
What have studies shown about satisfaction in activities
stays the same but times spent doing them changes
What is the disengagement theory approach
all or none
What is the activity theory
Elderly strive to maintain activities
high level of activity = well being
What are criticisms of the activity theory
reflection of cultural bias (our culture values being busy) than aging
not concerned w/ outcomes, role, meaning, context just the activity and keeping busy
not concerned w/ personal preference
What is the continuity theory
elderly attempt to continue activities that are important
activities are perceived as continuous
activities are adapted to compensate for change
incorporates roles, lifestyle changes, and meaning
criticisms of the continuity theory
activities w/ new roles (parenting to grandparent, work to retired)
doesn’t discuss change in the process of huan development
What are life span theories
Look at growing old as normal
How did newgarten view age
old age is developmental representing a new stage
How did levinson view age
tasks specific to the stage can be identified
how did erikson view age
successful aging results from accomplishing tasks
What are criticisms of aging theories
Tasks aren’t well defined in later life (theories were created b/f people started living longer)
What are neugartens 4 life stages
- acceptance of imminent death
- coping w/ increasing infirmity (illness)
- dealing w/ care decisions
- maintaining social ties
What did erikson believe
in each stage there are conflicts that need to be resolved such as generativity vs. stagnation or ego integrity vs. despair
What is levinsons view
transition. decreasing concern w/ formal structure and authority, status and rewards
dev. broader perspective
What are the biological theories of aging
Stochastic Developmental genetic cellular aging evolutionary neuropsychological
What is the stochastic view of aging
aging changes as a result from an accumulation of random events or damage from environmental influences
What is the developmental genetic view of aging
changes are due to genetic programming
what is the cellular view of aging
cellular level changes affect organismal changes.
cells divide for growth and tissue repair but can only divide so many times before they lose power
What happens after cells lose power when they divide
immune system decreases and increased chance for disease
What is the evolutionary theory of aging
genetic errors/accidents over time lead to other problems later in life
What is the neurpsychological view on aging
cog change is an inevitable part of aging and is the result of damage and degeneration
What kind of model does bonder suggest
integrated: combine all theories to dev. meaning for all individuals
Wha to consider for OT for aging theories
factors that lead to activity choice (social, cultural, motivation, coping)
internal processes that lead to activity choice
selection of roles and activities (roles and meaning to them)
What is associated with postivie outcomes in later life
spirituality and religion
What is important for the elderly to do
reminisce.
it connects the past, present and future and leave behind a legacy
What is the disengagement theory
Gradual activity withdrawal (active participation and psychological engagement)
Disengage from people and events
Age means decline, loss, and withdrawal w/ no gains in any areas
