burns

Question 1

What do burns prognosis depend on

Answer 1

depth and size
region of body
increased or young age
preexisting degenerative disease 
type of burn
early amt of fluid loss and response
early wound care

Question 2

What are the types of burns

Answer 2

Flames
scalding
chemical
electrical

Question 3

Characteristics of a 1st degree burn

Answer 3

only outer layer of epidermis
red, pink, dry
painful
heals in 3-10 days
palliative tx
(sunburn)

Question 4

characteristics of a 2nd degree burn

Answer 4

epidermis and various degrees of dermis
scalding injuries, deep sunburn
moist, red, blistered
painful-sensitive to touch or pinprick (pain sensors in tact)
heals in 7-21 days
requires medical care
scar forms
varying tx

Question 5

What do blisters do

Answer 5

prevent loss of body water and protect underneath the skin

Question 6

What is the criteria to be admitted to a burn unit

Answer 6

more than 20% of the body being burned

Question 7

When do you often see 3rd degree burns

Answer 7

when clothes cath on fire or person is directly exposed to flame

Question 8

Characteristics of a 3rd degree burn

Answer 8

epidermis, dermis and extends into subcutaneous tissue
varies in color, hard, dry, leathery
extensive edema 
no pain (nerve endings are damaged)
surrounded by 1st/2nd degree burns
decreased blood supply

Question 9

When are grafts likely

Answer 9

in 3rd degree burns if greater than 1/5 inches

Question 10

characteristics of a 4h degree burn

Answer 10

extends beyond skin and into fat, muscle, bone
black, charred, dry, crisp
painless
amputation typical

Question 11

What are more severe burn injuries

Answer 11

those to the hands, feet, face, genital, inhalation, electrical

Question 12

what is the rule of 9’s

Answer 12

describes the extent and percentage of the burn

Question 13

what is the total % for the head

Answer 13

9

Question 14

what is the total % for two arms

Answer 14

18%

Question 15

what is the total % for the trunk

Answer 15

36

Question 16

what % is the perinium

Answer 16

1

Question 17

what % are the two legs

Answer 17

36

Question 18

complications from burns

Answer 18

hemodynamic instability
respiratory dysfunction
hypermetabolic response
organ system dysfunction
sepsis

Question 19

at is hemodynamic instability due to

Answer 19

fluid loss

Question 20

what is burn shock

Answer 20

associated with hemodynamic instability

decreasedcardiac output, increased vascular resistance, impaired blood supply to organs

Question 21

What are you at risk for with hemodynamic instability

Answer 21

vascular coagulation (blood clots)

Question 22

Tx for hemodynamic instability

Answer 22

hydration

Question 23

What causes respiratory dysfunction

Answer 23

smoke inhalation and burned lungs

Question 24

Symptoms of respiratory dysfunction

Answer 24

hoarseness
drooling
inability to manage secretions
rales
stridor
hacking cough
labored or shallow breathing

Question 25

What does respiratory dysfunction appear

Answer 25

24-48 hrs

Question 26

tx for respiratory dysfunction

Answer 26

humidified oxygen

ventilation

Question 27

Cause of hypermetablic response

Answer 27

bruns cause an increase in metabolic and nutritional requirements

Question 28

tx for hypermetabolic response

Answer 28

nutritional support

Question 29

what occurs in renal dysfunction

Answer 29

increased metabolic demands

Question 30

What are neurologic changes due to

Answer 30

hypoxia

Question 31

what musculoskeletal changes occur

Answer 31

scarring contractures

Question 32

what kind of gastric problems occur

Answer 32

vomitting
fecal impaction
ulcers
possible feeding tube

Question 33

What is sepsis

Answer 33

condition where body fighting a severe infection that has spread via the bloodstream in response to the body trying to fight the infection

Question 34

what needs to be a priority in burn tx

Answer 34

pain management

Question 35

What causes emotional trauma

Answer 35

disfigurement
pain
length of recovery

Question 36

what happens to the body after burns

Answer 36

decreased body temp
inflammation
edema fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 37

What causes hypovolemic shock

Answer 37

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 38

What does fluid and electrolyte imbalance result in

Answer 38

hypovolemic shock
decreased cardiac output
hypotension
decreased urine output

Question 39

Tx for burns

Answer 39

life saving tx
nutrition
replace fluid
debridement
skin graft

Question 40

OTs role in burns

Answer 40

positioning (focus on head, axilla, and hands)
ADLs
Edu
Splinting 
ROM
fitting of pressure garment

Question 41

How to splint in burns

Answer 41

in positions of function rather than comfort

Question 42

what are pressure garments used for

Answer 42

to protect fragile skin

decrease/manage scarring

Question 43

Adherence for pressure garments

Answer 43

needs to be worn when scar is new
should be worn 23 hrs/day
wear for 12-18 mo

Question 44

What is a problem with pressure garments

Answer 44

compliance due to itchy,blisters, swelling, rash, fit

Question 45

Psychological factors after burns

Answer 45

Fear
Pain
Loss of roles
financial concerns
depression

Question 46

What do burns cause

Answer 46

massive loss of body fluids
interferes w/ temp regulation
challenges immune system
causes excessive demands on the metabolic system and bodys normal reparative process