Hiv Aids Flashcards
Who is hiv found among
Iv drug users Hemophiliac Blood transfusion receipients Infants born to infected moms High risk heterosexuals
Hiv causes
Aids
What is hiv positive
Virus is present but few if any clinical signs are present
What is aids
Active infection with marked and multiple clinical manifestations
Does HIV do
Replicates within living cells and uses the cells replication enzymes to make copies of itself
Enzyme then converts RNA into DNA before cell begins viral replication
What does hiv primarily effect
Cd4 cells which is an immune system cell
What does hiv do in early stages
Virus invades and multiplies in lymphoid tissue
What does Dna do
Long term sore age and transmission of genetic info
How does it enter the body
Through blood system (sexual contact, blood to blood, perinatal lay)
Through body fluids
How to diagnose it
Blood tests
What is seroconversion
Process of moving from negative hiv antibodies in blood to positive hiv antibodies
What are seroconvertors
Those that test hiv positive
What is phase 1
Primary infection phase
Happens weeks after exposure
Many asymptomatic
Symptoms: low fever, fatigue, sore throat, malagia, night sweats, go problem, maculopapular rash, headache
Tx: decrease number of cells through antiretroviral therapy
Pahse two
Latency phase
No symptoms or sign of illness
Median time is 10 years
Lymphadenopathy develops in some (chronically swollen lymph gland)
Phase 3
Without antiretroviral therapy death occurs
Determined by number of cd4 cells
Development of opportunistic infections due to weakened immune system
What are typical progressions
60-70% with Hiv develop aids in 10-11 years after infection
What are rapid progressors
10-20% develops it in less than 5 years
What are slow progressors
5-15 don’t develop for 15 years or more
What is pcp
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Mild cough, fever, sob, weight loss, tachypenea,
What is tb
Lungs most common site for infection
Present with fever, night sweats, cough, weight loss
Thrush
Typically complain of painful swallowing or retrosternal pain
White velvety lesion from Yeast infection and
What is cytomegalovirus
Presents like mono
Diarrhea, gastroenteritis
What is acd
Aids dementia complex
Cognitive and motor dysfunction
Only caused by hiv
Impaired attention, concentration, slow mental speed and agility, slow motor speed, apathy
Toxoplasmosis
Parasite that attacks CNS
Fever headache neuro dysfunction (confusion, lethargy, visual disturbance, seizure)
Progressive multimodal leukoencephalopothy
Demyelinating disease of white matter in the brain
Progressive limb weakness, sensry problems, difficulty controlling fingers and toes visual disturbance subtle alterations in mental status hemisphere ataxia to floppy seizures
Kaposis sarcoma
Malignancy of the endothelial cells
Lesions found in G.I. tract lungs skin and in mouth
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Fever night sweats weight loss
poor prognosis
Noninvasive cervical cancer
Develops more rapidly than women with HIV
less responsive to treatment
Wasting syndrome
Aids defining illness
involuntary weight-loss at least 10% of baseline bodyweight in presence of diarrhea or chronic weakness and fever
Lipodystrophy
Metabolic disorder
changes in body appearance (buffalo hump,wasting of fat from face, increased ab girth)
changes and metabolic appearance
Non specific gi symptoms
Nausea
Vomitting
Ab pain
Hepatomegaly with normal liver function
Caused by antiretroviral therapy
Can be fatal
Psychosocial issues
Complex reactions from others
May be indication of hidden lifestyle
Feeling of fear guilt isolation etc
Previous mental health issues
Prevention
Risk free or low risk behaviors
Abstinence
Correct and consistent condom use
Avoid recreational drug
Antiviral drugs
Reduce replication of the virus but don’t kill it
Combo of three Meds
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
What is the focus of tx
Minimize the effects of complications such as infections or malignancy
Zidovudine therapy
Slows the virus and effects on the body
Physical dysfunction
Fatigue sob visual cancer cardiac opportunistic infections pain stroke
Mental functions
Depression anxiety
Guilt preoccupied with death angry at disease or God body image issues helpless hopeless
Contextual factors
Isolation
Physical env challenges
Economic impact
What to do for intervention
Enhance Competency pain management adaptive equipment energy conservation relaxation stress management
What was aids initially called
Grids gay related immunodeficiency syndrome
