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Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is chronic hyperglycemia associated with

A

Long-term damage dysfunction failure of the eyes kidneys nerves heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Insulin secretion

A

Body doesn’t produce enough insulin

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3
Q

Insulin action

A

Cells can’t respond to insulin produced

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4
Q

Glucose

A

Amount of sugar in blood

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5
Q

What is a normal blood glucose level

A

70-150 mg/dL

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6
Q

What is hyperglycemia

A

Above 200 mg/dL

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7
Q

What is hypoglycemia

A

70 mg/dL

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8
Q

What is type one diabetes

A

Insulin-dependent diabetes
more severe form
genetically influenced

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9
Q

What is onset of type one diabetes

A

Abrupt onset

typically in childhood

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10
Q

What happens in type one diabetes

A

Have an absolute deficit of insulin which requires replacement body breaks down fat for energy which produces key tones diabetes ketoacidosis

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11
Q

Treatment for type one diabetes

A

Injection or pump

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12
Q

Type two diabetes

A

Non-insulin-dependent

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13
Q

What is type two diabetes

A

Have a relative or partial deficit of insulin where the supply of insulin is insufficient to meet the body needs

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14
Q

What is type two controlled by

A

Adjusting need for insulin through diet or stimulating beta cells to produce more insulin

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15
Q

Onset of type two

A

Gradual usually after age 30
more than 90% of the cases
80% obese
African Americans natives and Hispanics

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16
Q

Risk factors for type two

A 
Family history 
obesity 
race
over 40 years old 
hypertension 
hyperlipidemia 
prediabetes 
Gestational diabetes
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17
Q

Signs of symptoms

A 
Polyuria 
polydipsia 
polyphagia 
fatigue 
weight loss 
Blurred vision
persisted hyperglycemia
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18
Q

Three most common symptoms

A

Polyuria polydipsia polyphagia

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19
Q

What’s polyuria

A

Excessive urination

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20
Q

What’s polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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21
Q

What’s polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger

22
Q

Diabetes prevention

A

Control blood glucose

23
Q

What is the diabetes treatment strategy

A

Prevention detection intervention

24
Q

Intervention for diabetes

A

Slow progression diet exercise and medication

25
Q

What is diabetic eye disease

A

Effects retina,diabetic retinopathy

leading cause of blindness in adults

26
Q

What is diabetic kidney disease

A

Nephropathy-kidneys filter too much blood leak protein and pass into urine
leading cause of renal failure

27
Q

How to prevent diabetic kidney disease

A

Control blood glucose control blood pressure micro albumin annually

28
Q

Diabetic vascular disease

A

Blockage in arteries throughout body due to diabetes

29
Q

Complications from diabetic vascular disease

A 
Stroke 
mi 
lower limb ischemia 
diabetic retinopathy 
Nephropothy 
peripheral vascular disease
30
Q

Risk factors for diabetic vascular disease

A

High blood pressure high cholesterol

31
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

High blood sugar can injured nerve fibers throughout your body most often damages nerves in your legs and feet

32
Q

Symptoms and diabetic neuropathy

A

Pain numbness problems that they just attract urinary tract blood vessels of the heart

33
Q

What is the leading cause of non traumatic amputations

A

Diabetic neuropathy

34
Q

To prevent amputations

A

Control blood glucose
foot care education
exam each visit
foot care services

35
Q

What is hyperglycemia

A

Low blood glucose

36
Q

What is hyperglycemia cause bye

A

Delayed eating
increase energy expenditure
excessive effects of medication

37
Q

Early symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

Tremor sweating anxiety palpitations tachycardia hunger

38
Q

Late Symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

Irritability confusion fatigue seizures, coma

39
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia

A

Oral glucose
Iv glucose
intermuscular glucos

40
Q

Early symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

Frequent urination increased thirst blurred vision fatigue headache

41
Q

Late symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

Fruity smelling breath nausea vomitting shortness of breath dry mouth weakness confusion, coma abdominal pain

42
Q

What to do with an unresponsive diabetic

A

Give glucose

43
Q

What will giving insulin to a hypoglycemic individual cause

A

Seizures or worsening brain damage

44
Q

What to do with an unresponsive victim

A

Give glucose

45
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Glucose is not available for for fuel source so body breaks down fat which produces toxic gases known as key tones in the blood or urine because there’s no or not enough insulin

46
Q

What diabetic ketoacidosis characterized by biomechanically

A

Hyperglycemia
Acidemia-low blood pH
Detonemia severe hunger pangs

47
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis characterized clinically bye

A

Dehydration

altered mental status

48
Q

Clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis

A 
Severe thirst 
frequent urination 
weakness
Abdominal pain and vomiting 
rate and deaths of respiration increase:kussmal respiration
acetone breath 
altered awareness
49
Q

Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluid electrolyte replacement insulin

50
Q

What is diabetes mellitus

A

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion insulin action of both

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