Diabetes Flashcards
What is chronic hyperglycemia associated with
Long-term damage dysfunction failure of the eyes kidneys nerves heart and blood vessels
Insulin secretion
Body doesn’t produce enough insulin
Insulin action
Cells can’t respond to insulin produced
Glucose
Amount of sugar in blood
What is a normal blood glucose level
70-150 mg/dL
What is hyperglycemia
Above 200 mg/dL
What is hypoglycemia
70 mg/dL
What is type one diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes
more severe form
genetically influenced
What is onset of type one diabetes
Abrupt onset
typically in childhood
What happens in type one diabetes
Have an absolute deficit of insulin which requires replacement body breaks down fat for energy which produces key tones diabetes ketoacidosis
Treatment for type one diabetes
Injection or pump
Type two diabetes
Non-insulin-dependent
What is type two diabetes
Have a relative or partial deficit of insulin where the supply of insulin is insufficient to meet the body needs
What is type two controlled by
Adjusting need for insulin through diet or stimulating beta cells to produce more insulin
Onset of type two
Gradual usually after age 30
more than 90% of the cases
80% obese
African Americans natives and Hispanics
Risk factors for type two
Family history obesity race over 40 years old hypertension hyperlipidemia prediabetes Gestational diabetes
Signs of symptoms
Polyuria polydipsia polyphagia fatigue weight loss Blurred vision persisted hyperglycemia
Three most common symptoms
Polyuria polydipsia polyphagia
What’s polyuria
Excessive urination
What’s polydipsia
Excessive thirst
What’s polyphagia
Excessive hunger
Diabetes prevention
Control blood glucose
What is the diabetes treatment strategy
Prevention detection intervention
Intervention for diabetes
Slow progression diet exercise and medication
What is diabetic eye disease
Effects retina,diabetic retinopathy
leading cause of blindness in adults
What is diabetic kidney disease
Nephropathy-kidneys filter too much blood leak protein and pass into urine
leading cause of renal failure
How to prevent diabetic kidney disease
Control blood glucose control blood pressure micro albumin annually
Diabetic vascular disease
Blockage in arteries throughout body due to diabetes
Complications from diabetic vascular disease
Stroke mi lower limb ischemia diabetic retinopathy Nephropothy peripheral vascular disease
Risk factors for diabetic vascular disease
High blood pressure high cholesterol
Diabetic neuropathy
High blood sugar can injured nerve fibers throughout your body most often damages nerves in your legs and feet
Symptoms and diabetic neuropathy
Pain numbness problems that they just attract urinary tract blood vessels of the heart
What is the leading cause of non traumatic amputations
Diabetic neuropathy
To prevent amputations
Control blood glucose
foot care education
exam each visit
foot care services
What is hyperglycemia
Low blood glucose
What is hyperglycemia cause bye
Delayed eating
increase energy expenditure
excessive effects of medication
Early symptoms of hypoglycemia
Tremor sweating anxiety palpitations tachycardia hunger
Late Symptoms of hypoglycemia
Irritability confusion fatigue seizures, coma
Treatment for hypoglycemia
Oral glucose
Iv glucose
intermuscular glucos
Early symptoms of hyperglycemia
Frequent urination increased thirst blurred vision fatigue headache
Late symptoms of hyperglycemia
Fruity smelling breath nausea vomitting shortness of breath dry mouth weakness confusion, coma abdominal pain
What to do with an unresponsive diabetic
Give glucose
What will giving insulin to a hypoglycemic individual cause
Seizures or worsening brain damage
What to do with an unresponsive victim
Give glucose
What is diabetic ketoacidosis
Glucose is not available for for fuel source so body breaks down fat which produces toxic gases known as key tones in the blood or urine because there’s no or not enough insulin
What diabetic ketoacidosis characterized by biomechanically
Hyperglycemia
Acidemia-low blood pH
Detonemia severe hunger pangs
What is diabetic ketoacidosis characterized clinically bye
Dehydration
altered mental status
Clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis
Severe thirst frequent urination weakness Abdominal pain and vomiting rate and deaths of respiration increase:kussmal respiration acetone breath altered awareness
Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluid electrolyte replacement insulin
What is diabetes mellitus
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion insulin action of both
