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Respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Kinds of upper respiratory tract infections

A

common cold
sinusitis-sinus infection
croup-viral infection of upper airway
influenza

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2
Q

Kinds of lower respiratory tract infections

A

respiratory syncytial virus (infection of lungs and breathing passages)
Pneumonia (often begins w/ other infections)
Tuberculosis

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3
Q

What is aspiration

A

involves the passage of food or fluid, vomit, drugs, or other foreign material into the trachea and lungs

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4
Q

what is aspiration pneumonia

A

liquid/food inhaled into the lungs (seen w/ troubles w/ gag reflex, stroke)

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5
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome

A

dev of sudden breathlessness (O2 prevented from going into blood)

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6
Q

What usually clears aspiration

A

cough (increases airway)

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7
Q

Clinical manifestations of aspiration

A 
coughing/choking
wheezing
tachycardia and tachypenea (increased hr and breathing)
hypoxia
total cardiac arrest
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8
Q

TX for aspiration

A

Heimlich

dysphagia eval and tx for cva (swallow study, prescribed diet)

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9
Q

what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US

A

COPD

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10
Q

What is COPD

A

Gradual progressive disorder, defined by chronic airflow limitation

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11
Q

What happens in COPD

A

inflammatory response results in loss of elastic recoil, increased airway resistance, reduced expiratory airflow, to deterioration of pulmonary function as disease progresses

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12
Q

Wha might COPD look like

A

asymptomatic for years till 50-75% of lung function is gone

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13
Q

What can COPD result in

A

respiratory failure as they have increase in CO2

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14
Q

What does COPD consist of

A

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

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15
Q

Characterisitcs of COPD

A 
long hx of tobacco use
chronic cough
chronic sputum production
hx of exposure to dust and chemicals
dyspnea
deconditioning
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16
Q

What can COPD lead to

A

right sided CHF (b/c severe copd causes strain on pulmonary arteries and the R ventricle pumps to pulmonary arteries which goes to lungs)

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17
Q

What is the GOLD initiative

A

dev by WHO to assist w/ risk factor reduction and mngmt of symptoms and exacerbations

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18
Q

TX for COPD

A 
symptom mngmt 
prevention
slow progression
smoking cessation 
meds
breathing techniques 
limit exposure to communicable diesases
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19
Q

What can ot do for COPD

A 
modify/grade activities
AE 
energy conservation
breathing techniques 
emotional and psychological support
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20
Q

What happens in emphysema

A

air sacs in the lungs gradually destroyed, causing large air sacs which leads to ir trapping, loss of elastic recoil, hyperinflation, and impaired o2 exchange

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21
Q

What are people with emphysema known as

A

pink puffers (have redder complexion)

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22
Q

What causes emhysema

A

smoking

genetics (for early onset)

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23
Q

Clinical manifestations of emphysema

A 
dyspenea 
hyperventilation
anorexia
fatigue
clubbed fingers
decreased chest expansion
rapid shallow breathing
barrel chest (due to hyperinflation)
24
Q

TX of emphysema

A 
stop smoking
edu (breathing techniques, diet/nutrition)
meds
psychosocial adjustment
surgery
pulmonary rehab
25
Q

Ots role in emphysema

A

etach pursed lip breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
energy conservation

26
Q

what is the most common form of COPD

A

Chronic bronchitis

27
Q

What is chronic bronchitis characterized by

A

airway resistance and impaired mucocillary clearance

28
Q

What causes chronic bronchitis

A

smoking

air pollution

29
Q

what is chronic bronchitis defined as

A

chronic productive cough that lasts for more than 3 months in a year during 2 consecutive years that is not cuased by another respiratory disorder

30
Q

Clinical manifestation of chronic bronchitis

A

constant productive cough (worse in am)
mucus hypersecretion
prolnged expiration
lung function deterioration

31
Q

What are people with chronic bronchitis known as

A

blue bloaters (skin has blue tint due to poor oxygenation)

32
Q

Tx for chronic bronchitis

A

stop smoking
meds
symptom mngmt

33
Q

What is pulmonary edema

A

build up of fluid in the spaces in the lungs

34
Q

What does pulmonary edema do

A

fluid collecting in the alveoli and interstitial area reduces the amt of o2, interferes w/ lung expansion, and decreases o2 in the blood

35
Q

what causes pulmonary edema

A

CHF

damage to lungs

36
Q

Clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema

A 
cough
orthopnea 
rales
frothy sputum
labored breathing 
tachycardia
37
Q

Treatment for pulmonary edema

A

tx underlying cause
mechanical ventilation
o2
meds

38
Q

what are rales

A

bubbling/crackling sound

39
Q

what is orthopenea

A

difficulty breathing lying down

40
Q

What happens in chest trauma

A

loss of negative pressure in intrapleural space which allowd lungs to expand

41
Q

Symptoms of chest trauma

A 
atelectasis (incomplete expansion of lung or portion of lung)
dyspenea
cough
chest pain
unequal expansion
hypoxia
anxiety
tachycardia
pallor
42
Q

Tx for chest trauma

A

surgery

mechanical ventilation

43
Q

What is pulmonary embolism

A

serious condition-clot, air bubble, or fat particle travels to the right side of the heart causing obstruction

44
Q

What causes pumonary embolism

A 
immobility
tauma to legs
childbirth
CHF
dehydration
cancer
45
Q

Clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism

A 
transient chest pain
cough
dyspenea 
chest pain
tachypnea
hyopxia 
low BP
rapid weak pulse
loss of counsciouness
46
Q

Tx for pulmonary embolis

A 
treat underlying cause
o2 
mechanical ventilation
surgery
meds
ted hose
embolectomy
47
Q

What should you tell someone about immediatly that your pt tells you that indicates pulmonary embolism

A

complaining of pain behind their knee

48
Q

What is acute respiratory failure

A

Inability to maintain oxygenation of blood

49
Q

What is hypoxemia

A

PaO2

50
Q

What is hypercapnia

A

PaCO2 > 50 mm HG

51
Q

What causes acute respiratory failure

A

chronic respiratory conditions
acute disorder
neuromuscular disorder (e.g. GB)
trauma

52
Q

Clinical manifestations of Acute respiratory failure

A 
rapid shallow labored respirations 
signs of hypoxia and hypercapnia
headache
tachycardia
lethargy 
confusion
53
Q

TX for acute respiratory failure

A

o2 ventilator

54
Q

What to do w/ OT in respiratory disorders

A 
eval
adaptations
psychosocial adjustment
edu/lifestyle changes
work simplification
energy conservation
relaxation/stress mngmt 
home mod
home program 
moitor vitals
note signs of distress
55
Q

Sings of distress

A 
Tachypnea
cyanosis
fatigue
decrease in Oxygen saturation levels
length of recover time
56
Q

Manifestations of respiratory disorders

A

sneezing
coughing
altered breathing patterns (wheezing, stridor-high pitched noise)
Dyspnea
cyanosis
pleural pain (inflammation of parietal pleura)
friction rub (friction of pleural membrane leading to inflammation)
clubbed fingers
changes in arterial blood gases

562 (14 decks)

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