Respiratory disorders Flashcards
Kinds of upper respiratory tract infections
common cold
sinusitis-sinus infection
croup-viral infection of upper airway
influenza
Kinds of lower respiratory tract infections
respiratory syncytial virus (infection of lungs and breathing passages)
Pneumonia (often begins w/ other infections)
Tuberculosis
What is aspiration
involves the passage of food or fluid, vomit, drugs, or other foreign material into the trachea and lungs
what is aspiration pneumonia
liquid/food inhaled into the lungs (seen w/ troubles w/ gag reflex, stroke)
What is respiratory distress syndrome
dev of sudden breathlessness (O2 prevented from going into blood)
What usually clears aspiration
cough (increases airway)
Clinical manifestations of aspiration
coughing/choking wheezing tachycardia and tachypenea (increased hr and breathing) hypoxia total cardiac arrest
TX for aspiration
Heimlich
dysphagia eval and tx for cva (swallow study, prescribed diet)
what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US
COPD
What is COPD
Gradual progressive disorder, defined by chronic airflow limitation
What happens in COPD
inflammatory response results in loss of elastic recoil, increased airway resistance, reduced expiratory airflow, to deterioration of pulmonary function as disease progresses
Wha might COPD look like
asymptomatic for years till 50-75% of lung function is gone
What can COPD result in
respiratory failure as they have increase in CO2
What does COPD consist of
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma
Characterisitcs of COPD
long hx of tobacco use chronic cough chronic sputum production hx of exposure to dust and chemicals dyspnea deconditioning
What can COPD lead to
right sided CHF (b/c severe copd causes strain on pulmonary arteries and the R ventricle pumps to pulmonary arteries which goes to lungs)
What is the GOLD initiative
dev by WHO to assist w/ risk factor reduction and mngmt of symptoms and exacerbations
TX for COPD
symptom mngmt prevention slow progression smoking cessation meds breathing techniques limit exposure to communicable diesases
What can ot do for COPD
modify/grade activities AE energy conservation breathing techniques emotional and psychological support
What happens in emphysema
air sacs in the lungs gradually destroyed, causing large air sacs which leads to ir trapping, loss of elastic recoil, hyperinflation, and impaired o2 exchange
What are people with emphysema known as
pink puffers (have redder complexion)
What causes emhysema
smoking
genetics (for early onset)
Clinical manifestations of emphysema
dyspenea hyperventilation anorexia fatigue clubbed fingers decreased chest expansion rapid shallow breathing barrel chest (due to hyperinflation)
TX of emphysema
stop smoking edu (breathing techniques, diet/nutrition) meds psychosocial adjustment surgery pulmonary rehab
Ots role in emphysema
etach pursed lip breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
energy conservation
what is the most common form of COPD
Chronic bronchitis
What is chronic bronchitis characterized by
airway resistance and impaired mucocillary clearance
What causes chronic bronchitis
smoking
air pollution
what is chronic bronchitis defined as
chronic productive cough that lasts for more than 3 months in a year during 2 consecutive years that is not cuased by another respiratory disorder
Clinical manifestation of chronic bronchitis
constant productive cough (worse in am)
mucus hypersecretion
prolnged expiration
lung function deterioration
What are people with chronic bronchitis known as
blue bloaters (skin has blue tint due to poor oxygenation)
Tx for chronic bronchitis
stop smoking
meds
symptom mngmt
What is pulmonary edema
build up of fluid in the spaces in the lungs
What does pulmonary edema do
fluid collecting in the alveoli and interstitial area reduces the amt of o2, interferes w/ lung expansion, and decreases o2 in the blood
what causes pulmonary edema
CHF
damage to lungs
Clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema
cough orthopnea rales frothy sputum labored breathing tachycardia
Treatment for pulmonary edema
tx underlying cause
mechanical ventilation
o2
meds
what are rales
bubbling/crackling sound
what is orthopenea
difficulty breathing lying down
What happens in chest trauma
loss of negative pressure in intrapleural space which allowd lungs to expand
Symptoms of chest trauma
atelectasis (incomplete expansion of lung or portion of lung) dyspenea cough chest pain unequal expansion hypoxia anxiety tachycardia pallor
Tx for chest trauma
surgery
mechanical ventilation
What is pulmonary embolism
serious condition-clot, air bubble, or fat particle travels to the right side of the heart causing obstruction
What causes pumonary embolism
immobility tauma to legs childbirth CHF dehydration cancer
Clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism
transient chest pain cough dyspenea chest pain tachypnea hyopxia low BP rapid weak pulse loss of counsciouness
Tx for pulmonary embolis
treat underlying cause o2 mechanical ventilation surgery meds ted hose embolectomy
What should you tell someone about immediatly that your pt tells you that indicates pulmonary embolism
complaining of pain behind their knee
What is acute respiratory failure
Inability to maintain oxygenation of blood
What is hypoxemia
PaO2
What is hypercapnia
PaCO2 > 50 mm HG
What causes acute respiratory failure
chronic respiratory conditions
acute disorder
neuromuscular disorder (e.g. GB)
trauma
Clinical manifestations of Acute respiratory failure
rapid shallow labored respirations signs of hypoxia and hypercapnia headache tachycardia lethargy confusion
TX for acute respiratory failure
o2 ventilator
What to do w/ OT in respiratory disorders
eval adaptations psychosocial adjustment edu/lifestyle changes work simplification energy conservation relaxation/stress mngmt home mod home program moitor vitals note signs of distress
Sings of distress
Tachypnea cyanosis fatigue decrease in Oxygen saturation levels length of recover time
Manifestations of respiratory disorders
sneezing
coughing
altered breathing patterns (wheezing, stridor-high pitched noise)
Dyspnea
cyanosis
pleural pain (inflammation of parietal pleura)
friction rub (friction of pleural membrane leading to inflammation)
clubbed fingers
changes in arterial blood gases
