Respiratory disorders Flashcards by michell wishek

Kinds of upper respiratory tract infections

common cold
sinusitis-sinus infection
croup-viral infection of upper airway
influenza

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Kinds of lower respiratory tract infections

respiratory syncytial virus (infection of lungs and breathing passages)
Pneumonia (often begins w/ other infections)
Tuberculosis

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What is aspiration

involves the passage of food or fluid, vomit, drugs, or other foreign material into the trachea and lungs

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what is aspiration pneumonia

liquid/food inhaled into the lungs (seen w/ troubles w/ gag reflex, stroke)

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What is respiratory distress syndrome

dev of sudden breathlessness (O2 prevented from going into blood)

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What usually clears aspiration

cough (increases airway)

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Clinical manifestations of aspiration

coughing/choking
wheezing
tachycardia and tachypenea (increased hr and breathing)
hypoxia
total cardiac arrest

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TX for aspiration

Heimlich

dysphagia eval and tx for cva (swallow study, prescribed diet)

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what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US

COPD

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What is COPD

Gradual progressive disorder, defined by chronic airflow limitation

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What happens in COPD

inflammatory response results in loss of elastic recoil, increased airway resistance, reduced expiratory airflow, to deterioration of pulmonary function as disease progresses

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Wha might COPD look like

asymptomatic for years till 50-75% of lung function is gone

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What can COPD result in

respiratory failure as they have increase in CO2

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What does COPD consist of

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

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Characterisitcs of COPD

long hx of tobacco use
chronic cough
chronic sputum production
hx of exposure to dust and chemicals
dyspnea
deconditioning

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What can COPD lead to

right sided CHF (b/c severe copd causes strain on pulmonary arteries and the R ventricle pumps to pulmonary arteries which goes to lungs)

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What is the GOLD initiative

dev by WHO to assist w/ risk factor reduction and mngmt of symptoms and exacerbations

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TX for COPD

symptom mngmt 
prevention
slow progression
smoking cessation 
meds
breathing techniques 
limit exposure to communicable diesases

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What can ot do for COPD

modify/grade activities
AE 
energy conservation
breathing techniques 
emotional and psychological support

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What happens in emphysema

air sacs in the lungs gradually destroyed, causing large air sacs which leads to ir trapping, loss of elastic recoil, hyperinflation, and impaired o2 exchange

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What are people with emphysema known as

pink puffers (have redder complexion)

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What causes emhysema

smoking

genetics (for early onset)

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Clinical manifestations of emphysema

dyspenea 
hyperventilation
anorexia
fatigue
clubbed fingers
decreased chest expansion
rapid shallow breathing
barrel chest (due to hyperinflation)

TX of emphysema

stop smoking
edu (breathing techniques, diet/nutrition)
meds
psychosocial adjustment
surgery
pulmonary rehab

Ots role in emphysema

etach pursed lip breathing diaphragmatic breathing energy conservation

what is the most common form of COPD

Chronic bronchitis

What is chronic bronchitis characterized by

airway resistance and impaired mucocillary clearance

What causes chronic bronchitis

smoking | air pollution

what is chronic bronchitis defined as

chronic productive cough that lasts for more than 3 months in a year during 2 consecutive years that is not cuased by another respiratory disorder

Clinical manifestation of chronic bronchitis

constant productive cough (worse in am) mucus hypersecretion prolnged expiration lung function deterioration

What are people with chronic bronchitis known as

blue bloaters (skin has blue tint due to poor oxygenation)

Tx for chronic bronchitis

stop smoking meds symptom mngmt

What is pulmonary edema

build up of fluid in the spaces in the lungs

What does pulmonary edema do

fluid collecting in the alveoli and interstitial area reduces the amt of o2, interferes w/ lung expansion, and decreases o2 in the blood

what causes pulmonary edema

CHF | damage to lungs

Clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema

``` cough orthopnea rales frothy sputum labored breathing tachycardia ```

Treatment for pulmonary edema

tx underlying cause mechanical ventilation o2 meds

what are rales

bubbling/crackling sound

what is orthopenea

difficulty breathing lying down

What happens in chest trauma

loss of negative pressure in intrapleural space which allowd lungs to expand

Symptoms of chest trauma

``` atelectasis (incomplete expansion of lung or portion of lung) dyspenea cough chest pain unequal expansion hypoxia anxiety tachycardia pallor ```

Tx for chest trauma

surgery | mechanical ventilation

What is pulmonary embolism

serious condition-clot, air bubble, or fat particle travels to the right side of the heart causing obstruction

What causes pumonary embolism

``` immobility tauma to legs childbirth CHF dehydration cancer ```

Clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism

``` transient chest pain cough dyspenea chest pain tachypnea hyopxia low BP rapid weak pulse loss of counsciouness ```

Tx for pulmonary embolis

``` treat underlying cause o2 mechanical ventilation surgery meds ted hose embolectomy ```

What should you tell someone about immediatly that your pt tells you that indicates pulmonary embolism

complaining of pain behind their knee

What is acute respiratory failure

Inability to maintain oxygenation of blood

What is hypoxemia

PaO2

What is hypercapnia

PaCO2 > 50 mm HG

What causes acute respiratory failure

chronic respiratory conditions acute disorder neuromuscular disorder (e.g. GB) trauma

Clinical manifestations of Acute respiratory failure

``` rapid shallow labored respirations signs of hypoxia and hypercapnia headache tachycardia lethargy confusion ```

TX for acute respiratory failure

o2 ventilator

What to do w/ OT in respiratory disorders

``` eval adaptations psychosocial adjustment edu/lifestyle changes work simplification energy conservation relaxation/stress mngmt home mod home program moitor vitals note signs of distress ```

Sings of distress

``` Tachypnea cyanosis fatigue decrease in Oxygen saturation levels length of recover time ```

Manifestations of respiratory disorders

sneezing coughing altered breathing patterns (wheezing, stridor-high pitched noise) Dyspnea cyanosis pleural pain (inflammation of parietal pleura) friction rub (friction of pleural membrane leading to inflammation) clubbed fingers changes in arterial blood gases