Weimar and Nazi Germany: 1918-1923 Flashcards
what did clause 231 state?
germany had to accept the blame for WW1 and pay compensation the victorious nations
how many marks did germany have to pay in reparations?
136 million
how many men could germany have in their army?
100,000
what else could germany no longer have?
an air force
how many colonies did germany lose?
all 11
what does dolschstoss mean?
the belief that the german public had been stabbed in the back by weimar politicians as they didn’t believe that the german army had been defeated
why did the germans call the TOV a diktat?
it was a dictated peace without negotiation- they weren’t allowed to be part of the TOV conference
the spartacists were an extremist group of what?
communists
why were germans already rebelling before the spartacist uprising occurred?
ebert had recently sacked a berlin police chief-emil eichorn
who was in charge of the spartacists?
rosa luxemburg and karl liebknecht
when did luxemburg and liebknecht call for a strike?
6th jan 1919
why did the revolt occur?
luxemburg and liebknecht saw the current uprisings as a chance to undermine the government
why did the spartacists revolt fail?
ebert turned the freikorps against the rebels and by 13th jan, they were thrown off the streets
who were the freikorps?
ex army soldiers
what happened to luxemburg and liebknecht?
they were arrested and executed
the kapp putsch was an extremist group of what?
nationalists
why did the freikorps turn again the government?
they were due to be disbanded in march 1920 so feared unemployment
how many men marched on berlin during the kapp putsch?
5000
who was wolfgang kapp?
a nationalist politician
what did the government do when they heard of the protests?
they fled in fear
what did the government do whilst they had fled?
called a general strike
why did the kapp putsch fail?
people refused to co-operate with kapp
when was the invasion of the ruhr?
1923
why did france invade the ruhr?
germany could no longer afford to pay for the reparations they owed
what did the french do?
confiscated raw materials and machinery
how many germans were killed?
over 100
how many german workers were thrown out of their homes?
150,000
how did the government react to the invasion?
the called for a strike
why was calling for a strike a bad idea?
it lead to the economy suffering because factories were no longer producing goods
what was hyperinflation?
the process by which money became worthless
how was hyperinflation caused?
the government decided to print more money due to the strike negatively impacting the economy
how was a vicious circle created?
the more the prices rose, the more money that had to be printed off, leading to the prices rising even further
who was the worst effected by hyperinflation?
those with savings or pensions
who benefited from hyperinflation?
those with loans or in debt
why did hitler chose 1923 for his putsch?
there was anger and opposition towards the government due to hyperinflation
who did hitler plot with?
kahr and lossow
what did hitler do when kahr and lossow backed down?
he stormed the munich beer hall and forced them to rebel at gunpoint
what mistake did hitler make after he had stormed the beer hall?
he let kahr and lossow go home
what did kahr and lossow do after they went home?
they warned the army about hitler’s plans
what day did hitler march on munich?
9th November 1923
what happened when hitler arrived in munich?
the army attacked the Nazis killing 16
what happened to hitler?
he originally escaped but was arrested 2 days later
