Modern Medicine

Question 1

when was dna discovered?

Answer 1

1953

Question 2

who discovered dna?

Answer 2

crick and watson

Question 3

how does understanding dna impact on medicine?

Answer 3

doctors can identify illnesses before they develop and in the womb

Question 4

how it dna currently limited?

Answer 4

it is not yet know how to reverse medical conditions

Question 5

how has blood sugar monitoring impacted medicine?

Answer 5

from the 1960’s people who had diabetes could check their blood sugar themselves to ensure they were managing their condition

Question 6

how have CT scans impacted medicine?

Answer 6

from the 1970’s CT scans were developed which are more powerful forms of xray meaning they can diagnose tumours

Question 7

how have MRI scans impacted medicine?

Answer 7

they use magnets and radio waves to create an internal image of the body
better suited to diagnosing soft tissue damage

Question 8

how have endoscopes impacted medicine?

Answer 8

a camera on the end of a think flexible tube used to see inside the body without the need for surgery

Question 9

what did fleming find in 1928?

Answer 9

when he went on holiday, he left a pile of unwashed petri dishes and when he returned mould was growing on them. Around the mould, the bacteria had disappeared

Question 10

what did fleming discover when he diluted the mould?

Answer 10

it killed bacteria without harming the cells

Question 11

what did fleming write about in 1929?

Answer 11

penicillin in his medical journal

Question 12

why was the discovery of penicillin initially limited?

Answer 12

fleming had not used it on animals so there was no evidence of it being useful so no one thought the discovery was important
it took ages to grow

Question 13

what did florey and chain discover?

Answer 13

penicillin helped mice recover from infections but they would need 3000x as much to recover one person

Question 14

what did florey and chain start growing penicillin in?

Answer 14

hospital bed pans

Question 15

how much did florey and chain get from the government in 1938?

Answer 15

only £25

Question 16

why were the government reluctant to fund penicillin?

Answer 16

there was no proof it worked on humans and the country was on the verge of war

Question 17

who gave florey and chain 5 years worth of money for research?

Answer 17

the US government

Question 18

how did florey and chain prove that penicillin worked on humans?

Answer 18

in 1941, they tested it on a policeman who was dying of sepsis from one tiny cut - he began to recover but they ran out so he died - this showed that penicillin wasn’t harmful to the patient

Question 19

why couldn’t penicillin be mass produced?

Answer 19

factories were busy making warfare

Question 20

by d-day how many doses of penicillin were there to treat the wounded?

Answer 20

over 2.3 million

Question 21

what did the US government make for US companies to buy the expensive equipment needed to make penicillin?

Answer 21

interest free loans

Question 22

how many pharmaceutical companies did the US government fund to mass produce penicillin?

Answer 22

21

Question 23

when was the first magic bullet developed?

Answer 23

1909

Question 24

who developed the first magic bullet?

Answer 24

Paul Ehrlich

Question 25

what was the first magic bullet called?

Answer 25

salvarsan 606

Question 26

what did the first magic bullet treat?

Answer 26

syphilis

Question 27

when was the second magic bullet developed?

Answer 27

1932

Question 28

who developed the second magic bullet?

Answer 28

Gerhard Domagk

Question 29

what was the second magic bullet called?

Answer 29

prontosil

Question 30

what did the second magic bullet treat?

Answer 30

blood poisoning

Question 31

what is a magic bullet?

Answer 31

a chemical that kills certain bacteria without harming the body

Question 32

what was the human genome?

Answer 32

the mapping of a complete set of genes in a human body

Question 33

when did the human genome project begin and when did it finish?

Answer 33

began - 1990 | finished - 2000

Question 34

how does smoking impact our health?

Answer 34

linked to a variety of problems such as lung cancer, tooth decay and heart disease

Question 35

how does diet impact our health?

Answer 35

too much sugar can cause diabetes and too much fat can cause obesity

Question 36

how does alcohol impact our health?

Answer 36

too much alcohol can cause liver disease and kidney problems

Question 37

how has the pharmaceutical industry impacted medicine?

Answer 37

companies make and test different drugs which they then sell to doctors' surgeries and hospitals drug distribution is a lot easier due to this

Question 38

how has the development of capsules impacted medicine?

Answer 38

taking drugs is easier

Question 39

how have compulsory vaccinations impacted medicine?

Answer 39

government now insist that young people receive a set of vaccinations and run campaigns to encourage it

Question 40

how have hypodermic needles impacted medicine?

Answer 40

very thin needles which allow a precise dose to be given

Question 41

when were the clean air acts?

Answer 41

1956 and 1968

Question 42

how do charities impact medicine?

Answer 42

create adverts showing the risks to health and raise money to help treat them

Question 43

how has the anti-smoking legislation impacted medicine?

Answer 43

as part of 2006 health act, it was made illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces

Question 44

how is lung cancer diagnosed?

Answer 44

patients are given a CT scan ad injected with dye to how the lungs more clearly

Question 45

what happens if the cancer does not look very advanced?

Answer 45

the patient will be given a PET-CT scan where a small amount of radioactive material is injected into the body to identify cancerous cells

Question 46

what is a bronchoscopy?

Answer 46

the patient will be given a bronchoscopy which is passed down into the lungs to collect a sample of cells for testing

Question 47

what are the treatments for lung cancer?

Answer 47

transplant, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, operations

Question 48

what is radiotherapy?

Answer 48

concentrated waves of radiation are aimed at a tumour to shrink it

Question 49

what is chemotherapy?

Answer 49

patients are injected with different drugs to either shrink tumour, prevent it from re-occurring or relieve pain

Question 50

what did the government ban in 2015?

Answer 50

smoking in cars carrying children under the age of 18

Question 51

what did the government do in 2007?

Answer 51

raised the legal age for buying tobacco from 16 to 18

Question 52

when was cigarette television advertising banned?

Answer 52

1965

Question 53

when was cigarette advertising banned entirely?

Answer 53

2005

Question 54

when was the NHS set up?

Answer 54

1948

Question 55

what does the NHS aim to do?

Answer 55

provide care for all people from 'the cradle to the grave'

Question 56

what % of national income does the NHS cost?

Answer 56

6%

Question 57

what had the cost for the NHS increased from between 1950 and 1990?

Answer 57

1950 - £500 million | 1990 - £3500 million

Question 58

due to the NHS how many more times are women likely to consult a doctor?

Answer 58

4

Question 59

when were prescription charges introduced?

Answer 59

1950's

Question 60

how many voluntary and city hospitals are the government responsible for?

Answer 60

1143 voluntary | 1545 city

Question 61

why is people living longer putting a strain on the NHS?

Answer 61

they will need more treatment

Question 62

why did doctors originally oppose the NHS?

Answer 62

it took them away from private work

Question 63

when was the diphtheria vaccination made compulsory?

Answer 63

1942

Question 64

when was the polio vaccine made compulsory?

Answer 64

1950

Question 65

when was the health act passed?

Answer 65

2006

Question 66

what campaign did the government use to encourage people to live more healthy?

Answer 66

change4life