The Cattle Industry Flashcards

1
Q

what state was the major centre for cattle ranching in the 1850’s?

A

texas

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2
Q

what happened when ranchers left their herds for 5 years during the civil war?

A

the cattle grew dramatically so ranchers had to find ways of selling them

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3
Q

by 1865 how many cattle were there in texas?

A

5 million

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4
Q

how much was cattle worth in the east compared to texas?

A

$40 compared to $5

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5
Q

what did the texan cattle carry?

A

texas longhorn fever

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6
Q

what was the problem with driving cattle north?

A

homesteaders would complain that the cattle was spreading texas fever to their own cattle

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7
Q

what did McCoy create in 1867?

A

abilene

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8
Q

what was abilene?

A

a cow town

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9
Q

what did John Illiff develop?

A

open range ranching by realising cattle could survive harsh winter on plains

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10
Q

what did Goodnight and Loving create in 1866?

A

the goodnight loving trail

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11
Q

what was the population of abilene in 1867?

A

7000

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12
Q

how did the development of railroads help the cattle industry?

A

beef could get to new markets quicker

some cow towns were actually built along the railroads

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13
Q

what were the problems for cattlemen?

A

long journeys to east
conflict with homesteaders
disease

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14
Q

what was open range ranching?

A

unfenced land that was used to graze cattle
cattle roamed freely but was branded
land was not owned

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15
Q

why was open range successful?

A

buffalo was gone

if cattle were kept on plains during winter it would kill their disease

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16
Q

why did open range comet to an end?

A

winters of 1886 and 1887 caused deaths of 1000s of cattle - great die up
overcrowding
cost of cattle increased so profit decreased

17
Q

what were the 3 causes of the Johnson county war?

A

beef prices falling
homesteaders and small ranchers were settling in wyoming leading to disputes over land
cattle rustling was becoming a problem - ranchers lost cattle and blamed homesteaders

18
Q

what happened to Jim Averill and Ella Watson in 1889?

A

they were lynched outside their cabin by cattle barons as they were living on their land

19
Q

what did the cattle barons plan in 1892?

A

a full scale invasion of johnson county

20
Q

what did the cattle barons create?

A

a death list

21
Q

what was the plan?

A

the capture the town of buffalo, kill the sheriff and the rest of the men on the list

22
Q

how did the invaders cut johnson county off from the rest of the world?

A

cut telephone wires

23
Q

who stopped the invaders?

A

nate champion

24
Q

what did nate champion do?

A

held the invaders off all day until he was burned out of his cabin and shot

25
what happened the next day when the invaders approached buffalo?
they retreated when they herd that news had already spread and the locals were armed and ready
26
where were the invaders taken?
into protective custody
27
why were the cattle barons never convicted for the invasion?
they were rich so hired the best lawyers - however they never had the same power again