Hitler's Rise to Fuhrer: 1933-1939 Flashcards
how did the reichstag fire help hitler gain control?
dutch communist Van Der Lubbe was caught red handed with matches on the reichstag an hitler used this as an excuse to arrest communists and get rid of opponents
how did the general election allow hitler to gain control?
hitler arrested 81 communists using emergency power given to him by hindenburg
he also forced nationalist party to merge with nazis so he had no political opponents
how did the enabling act of 1933 allow hitler to gain control?
it made hitler an official dictator of germany allowing him to pass any laws he wanted without consulting the reichstag
how did the take over of the local government allow hitler to gain control?
he took over the police and set up the gestapo to send Jews and communists to concentration camps
how did the banning of trade unions allow hitler to gain control?
it reduced opposition from workers and gave him control over them
how did the banning of political parties allow hitler to gain control?
he had no opposition from other parties
how did the night of the long knives help hitler gain control?
hitler removed threat from Rohm and SA by ordering SS to kill over 400 SA men
what agreement did hitler make with the catholic church?
he would follow the freedom of catholic worship if the church promised they wouldn’t interfere with the nazi policies and swore loyalty to them
how did hitler control the catholics?
he went back on his agreement and arrested priests and banned catholic schools
how did hitler control the protestants?
in 1936, he combined the protestant and nazi church to create the reich church
how did hitler germany through film?
films in the cinema were preceded by a 45 min newsreel about how the nazi party had made germany great again
how did hitler control germany through radio?
all stations were under nazi control with a short range to prevent foreign invaders
how did hitler control germany through rallies?
each year, a mass rally was held at nuremburg to create a sense of german unity and show the strength of the nazi party
how did hitler control germany through literature?
all books had to be approved by nazis and those that opposed nazis were burned or destroyed
how did hitler control germany through music?
only songs that promoted german culture were allowed
how did hitler control germany through art?
in september 1933, the reich chamber of cultural arts was set up and all artists were encouraged to join
what was the law for the encouragement of marriage?
newly married couples received a loan of 1000 marks and by having children, could avoid paying it all back. 1 child mean that you didn’t have to pay 25% back
what was the lebensborn project?
encouraged women to marry SS men
what was duty year?
women could work patriotically to help the nazis achieve their ‘economic miracle’
what was the hitler youth?
originally set up in the 20’s but by 1936, membership was compulsory. It indoctrinated children with nazi ideology
how did schools promote Nazism?
teachers would come into the classrooms on a mornings saying ‘heil hitler’ and pushing national pride
what was the gestapo?
nazi secret police who identified opposition by spying
what was the SD?
a security force for the nazis who kept a card index of opponents
what was the SS?
hitler’s personal bodyguard
how did hitler eventually become fuhrer?
when hindenburg died hitler took the job of office president and chancellor and merged them to create on supreme leader
how did the wall street crash lead to a rise in Nazi support?
people were angry and fed up with the weimar republic so turned to extremism
what were the 4 main reasons for growth in Nazi support from 1929-33?
Hitler himself, the SA, Goebbels and the Wall street crash
who was appointed chancellor after bruning stepped down?
von papen
how many supporters did von papen have?
68
how many seats did the Nazis get in the July 1932 elections run by von papen?
230
what did von papen do in November 1932 to try and gain more support?
held another election in which he gained even less seats that the July one - only 32 seats
what did von papen then suggest to hindenburg?
abolishing the weimar constitution
what did von schleicher persuade hindenburg?
abolishing the constitution would lead to civil war
what did von papen decide to do?
resign
who was appointed chancellor after von papen?
von schleicher
how long did von schleicher last?
less than 2 months
what did von papen do in January 1933?
met with Hitler
what did Hitler and von papen agree?
they should lead a government with von papen as vice chancellor
who did von papen and Hitler have the support of?
the army, major landowners and the leaders of the industry who disliked von schleicher’s plans to bring together different strands from the left and right
what did von papen convince hindenburg?
a coalition with Hitler would bring germany to stability
what did von papen and hindenburg think they could do?
control Hitler and ‘make him squeak’
when did hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor?
31st January 1933
when was the first concentration camp set up?
Dachau 1933
how were prisoners in concentration camps classified into different categories?
each denoted by wearing a different colour triangle
what were red triangles for?
political prisoners
