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OCR GCSE Computer Science > Weekend Revision (Chapter 1 - Paper 1) > Flashcards

Weekend Revision (Chapter 1 - Paper 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Arithmetic Logic Unit?

A

ALU, performs arithmetic calculations and makes logical decisions (AND/OR/NOT)

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2
Q

What does the Control Unit?

A

Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU.

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3
Q

What does Cache do?

A

Provides fast access to frequently used instructions and data.

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4
Q

What are registers?

A

Tiny, super-fast pieces of onboard memory inside the CPU, each with a specific purpose.

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5
Q

What are the four registers?

A

Accumulator
Memory Address Register
Program Counter
Memory Data Register

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6
Q

What happens in the ‘Fetch’ stage?

A

Program counter checked for the memory address of the next instruction

MAR fetches instruction from RAM and brings it to MDR

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7
Q

What is the ‘decode’ stage?

A

Control Unit decodes to figure out what the CPU needs to do.

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8
Q

What is the ‘execute’ stage?

A

Carrying out machine code instruction.

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9
Q

Properties of embedded systems?

A

Low Power consumption
Small size
rugged operating systems
low cost per unit

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10
Q

What are the different types of Primary storage?

A

RAM, ROM, Registers and Cache.

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11
Q

What is the function of secondary storage?

A

Holds operating system, programs and data when they are not in use.

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12
Q

What is tertiary storage used for?

A

Used to back up and archiving large amounts of data.

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13
Q

What are some characteristics of primary storage?

A

Mainly volatile

relatively small capacity compared to secondary

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of secondary storage.

A

Non volatile

High capacity

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15
Q

What is ROM?

A

Small piece of read only memory located on the motherboard.
Non-Volatile
Holds startup instructions for computer.

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16
Q

What is RAM?

A

Temporary storage of instructions and data,
Holds data currently being used by the processor.
Volatile
Much faster to read from than the hard drive.

17
Q

When is virtual memory used?

A

When RAM is filled up.

18
Q

Why is virtual memory slower than RAM?

A

Needs to be fetched from RAM when user wants to put the program into use.

19
Q

Why is secondary storage required?

A

ROM is read only and RAM is volatile.

20
Q

What is secondary storage used for?

A

Storage of programs and data when the computer is powered off.
Backing up or archiving data.

21
Q

What are the positives of Optical storage?

A

Cheap, Lightweight, Portable

22
Q

What are the negatives of optical storage?

A

Very slow, prone to scratches.

23
Q

What are the positives of magnetic storage?

A

Cheap, Large capacity

24
Q

What are the negatives of magnetic storage?

A

Slow access times.

Fragile

25
Q

What are the positives of solid state?

A

Durable

Fast access times

26
Q

What are the negatives of solid state?

A

Cost

Limited lifespan

27
Q

What should you mention when asked to recommend a storage type?

A 
Capacity
Speed
Portability
Durability
Reliability
Cost
28
Q

What should you mention when asked to recommend a storage type?

A 
Capacity
Speed
Portability
Durability
Reliability
Cost

OCR GCSE Computer Science (32 decks)

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