week6

Question 1

local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid

Answer 1

edema

Question 2

Edema results from : (4)`

Answer 2

1. increased permeability of capillary walls
2. increased capillary pressure due to venous obstruction or heart failure
3. inflammatory conditions
4. fluid and electrolyte distrubances

Question 3

Types of Edema (7)

Answer 3

1. anasarca
2. ascites
3. hydrothorax
4. hydrocele
5. hydropericardium
6. pitting edema
7. pulmonary edema

Question 4

Severe, generalized edema

Answer 4

anasarca

Question 5

accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Answer 5

ascites

Question 6

a collection of fluid in the pleural cavity causing shortness of breath

Answer 6

hydrothorax

Question 7

edema of the scrotum

Answer 7

hydrocele

Question 8

edema of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 8

hydropericardium

Question 9

edema usually of the skin of the extremities

Answer 9

pitting edema

Question 10

a potentially life threatening accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Answer 10

pulmonary edema

Question 11

Types of hyperemia (3)

Answer 11

1. hyperemia
2. active hypermia
3. passive hyperemia

Question 12

increased flow of blood in an area of the body

-can be active or passive

Answer 12

hypermia

Question 12

increased arterial blood supply to an organ

-can be physiological or pathological

Answer 12

active hyperemia

Question 13

engorgement of an organ or tissues with venous blood resulting from inadequate venous drainage

• causes a reddish-blue discoloration of the affected parts (cyanosis)
• because the venous return system is impaired

Answer 13

passive hyperemia

Question 14

a deficiency of arterial blood flow to an organ or tissue

-type of heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack

Answer 14

ischemia

Question 15

a decrease in the level of oxygen within a tissue

Answer 15

hypoxia

Question 16

formation of a blood clot

Answer 16

thrombosis

Question 17

a blood clot

Answer 17

thrombus

Question 18

common thrombosis causes (4)

Answer 18

1. injuries to blood vessels
2. a reduced rate of blood flow
3. alterations in the composition of blood
4. certain diseases of the blood

Question 19

consequences of thrombi (5)

Answer 19

1. sudden death
2. ischemia
3. passive hyperemia
4. moist gangrene
5. blood clots in the blood vessels of the heart

Question 20

a sudden obstruction of a vessel by debris

Answer 20

embolism

Question 21

a free floating object in the blood stream

Answer 21

embolus

Question 22

consequences of emboli (4)

Answer 22

1. blockage of blood flow to the tissues (ischemia)
2. death of tissues (infarction)
3. spread of infection
4. necrosis of tissue

Question 23

types of emboli (7)

Answer 23

1. fragments of thrombi
2. microorganisms
3. tumor cells
4. animal parasites
5. fat
6. gas
7. foreign bodies

Question 24

occurs when a thrombus breaks apart into small fragments

Answer 24

fragments of thrombi

Question 25

spread throughout the body via the blood (septicemia)

Answer 25

microorganisms

Question 26

cancer cells spreading throughout the body (metastasis)

Answer 26

tumor cells

Question 27

fat globules may enter the bloodstream during an injury

Answer 27

fat

Question 28

bubbles may enter the bloodstream during chest injuries, surgery, or an inoculation

Answer 28

gas

Question 29

any free floating object in the blood

Answer 29

foreign bodies

Question 30

the escape of blood from the blood vascular system

Answer 30

hemorrhage

Question 31

causes of hemorrhaging (4)

Answer 31

1. trauma 2. vascular diseases 3. high blood pressure (hypertension) 4. diseases of the blood

Question 32

associated hemorrhaging conditions (8)

Answer 32

1. petechiae 2. ecchymosis 3. epistaxis 4. hemoptysis 5. hematemesis 6. melena 7. hematuria 8. exsanguination

Question 33

antemortem pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes - results from superficial bleeding into the skin - red or purple in color - extravascular and not removed by embalming

Answer 33

petechiae

Question 34

common bruise | -associated discolorations are permanent and extravascular

Answer 34

ecchymosis

Question 35

blood coming from the nose - known as purge in a decedent - dark purge that resembles coffee grounds comes from the stomach - pink or clear fluid in the nose/ears comes from the brain - frothy, red blood comes from the lungs

Answer 35

epistaxis

Question 36

coughing of bloody sputum

Answer 36

hemoptysis

Question 37

vomiting of blood

Answer 37

hematemesis

Question 38

black, tarry feces

Answer 38

melena

Question 39

blood in the urine

Answer 39

hematuria

Question 40

massive bleeding from anywhere in the body | -usually refers to the loss of blood to the point of death

Answer 40

exsanguination

Question 41

post mortem conditions (8)

Answer 41

1. diminished circulation 2. emaciation 3. edema 4. dehydration 5. abscess 6. rapid decomp 7. hemorrhage 8. discoloration