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pathology 1 > week6 > Flashcards

week6 Flashcards

1
Q

local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid

A

edema

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2
Q

Edema results from : (4)`

A
  1. increased permeability of capillary walls
  2. increased capillary pressure due to venous obstruction or heart failure
  3. inflammatory conditions
  4. fluid and electrolyte distrubances
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3
Q

Types of Edema (7)

A
  1. anasarca
  2. ascites
  3. hydrothorax
  4. hydrocele
  5. hydropericardium
  6. pitting edema
  7. pulmonary edema
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4
Q

Severe, generalized edema

A

anasarca

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5
Q

accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

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6
Q

a collection of fluid in the pleural cavity causing shortness of breath

A

hydrothorax

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7
Q

edema of the scrotum

A

hydrocele

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8
Q

edema of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart

A

hydropericardium

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9
Q

edema usually of the skin of the extremities

A

pitting edema

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10
Q

a potentially life threatening accumulation of fluid in the lungs

A

pulmonary edema

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11
Q

Types of hyperemia (3)

A
  1. hyperemia
  2. active hypermia
  3. passive hyperemia
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12
Q

increased flow of blood in an area of the body

-can be active or passive

A

hypermia

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12
Q

increased arterial blood supply to an organ

-can be physiological or pathological

A

active hyperemia

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13
Q

engorgement of an organ or tissues with venous blood resulting from inadequate venous drainage

  • causes a reddish-blue discoloration of the affected parts (cyanosis)
  • because the venous return system is impaired
A

passive hyperemia

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14
Q

a deficiency of arterial blood flow to an organ or tissue

-type of heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack

A

ischemia

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15
Q

a decrease in the level of oxygen within a tissue

A

hypoxia

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16
Q

formation of a blood clot

A

thrombosis

17
Q

a blood clot

A

thrombus

18
Q

common thrombosis causes (4)

A
  1. injuries to blood vessels
  2. a reduced rate of blood flow
  3. alterations in the composition of blood
  4. certain diseases of the blood
19
Q

consequences of thrombi (5)

A
  1. sudden death
  2. ischemia
  3. passive hyperemia
  4. moist gangrene
  5. blood clots in the blood vessels of the heart
20
Q

a sudden obstruction of a vessel by debris

A

embolism

21
Q

a free floating object in the blood stream

A

embolus

22
Q

consequences of emboli (4)

A
  1. blockage of blood flow to the tissues (ischemia)
  2. death of tissues (infarction)
  3. spread of infection
  4. necrosis of tissue
23
Q

types of emboli (7)

A
  1. fragments of thrombi
  2. microorganisms
  3. tumor cells
  4. animal parasites
  5. fat
  6. gas
  7. foreign bodies
24
Q

occurs when a thrombus breaks apart into small fragments

A

fragments of thrombi

25
Q

spread throughout the body via the blood (septicemia)

A

microorganisms

26
Q

cancer cells spreading throughout the body (metastasis)

A

tumor cells

27
Q

fat globules may enter the bloodstream during an injury

A

fat

28
Q

bubbles may enter the bloodstream during chest injuries, surgery, or an inoculation

A

gas

29
Q

any free floating object in the blood

A

foreign bodies

30
Q

the escape of blood from the blood vascular system

A

hemorrhage

31
Q

causes of hemorrhaging (4)

A
  1. trauma
  2. vascular diseases
  3. high blood pressure (hypertension)
  4. diseases of the blood
32
Q

associated hemorrhaging conditions (8)

A
  1. petechiae
  2. ecchymosis
  3. epistaxis
  4. hemoptysis
  5. hematemesis
  6. melena
  7. hematuria
  8. exsanguination
33
Q

antemortem pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries in the skin or mucous membranes

  • results from superficial bleeding into the skin
  • red or purple in color
  • extravascular and not removed by embalming
A

petechiae

34
Q

common bruise

-associated discolorations are permanent and extravascular

A

ecchymosis

35
Q

blood coming from the nose

  • known as purge in a decedent
  • dark purge that resembles coffee grounds comes from the stomach
  • pink or clear fluid in the nose/ears comes from the brain
  • frothy, red blood comes from the lungs
A

epistaxis

36
Q

coughing of bloody sputum

A

hemoptysis

37
Q

vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

38
Q

black, tarry feces

A

melena

39
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

40
Q

massive bleeding from anywhere in the body

-usually refers to the loss of blood to the point of death

A

exsanguination

41
Q

post mortem conditions (8)

A
  1. diminished circulation
  2. emaciation
  3. edema
  4. dehydration
  5. abscess
  6. rapid decomp
  7. hemorrhage
  8. discoloration

pathology 1 (8 decks)

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