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pathology 1 > week5 > Flashcards

week5 Flashcards

1
Q

immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergy, marked by increases in regional blood flow, immigration of white blood cells and release of chemical toxins

  • complex process of defense and repair within tissues
  • brought on by causes of cellular injury
  • body uses process to protect itself from invasion of foreign organisms and to repair tissue trauma
  • may cause fevers, joint and muscle pains, organ dysfunction and exhaustion
  • essential for the removal of dead and necrotic tissue
  • helps to either repair injured tissues or form scar tissue
  • first line of defense against injury to cells
A

inflammation

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2
Q

caused by increased permeability of vessels

A

swelling (tumor)

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3
Q

caused by vasodilation (increased diameter of vessels)

A

heat (color) / redness (rubber)

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4
Q

caused by nervous stimulations and swelling

A

pain (dolor)

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5
Q

caused by swelling and pain

A

altered function (function laesa)

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6
Q
  • may be caused by physical irritants, chemical irritants, infectious agents, or immunological reactions
  • may be acute or chronic
A

causes of inflammation

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7
Q

-characterized by active inflammation, tissue destruction, and the presence of an inflammatory exudate containing lymphocytes and macrophages

A

chronic inflammation

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8
Q

types of inflammation (6)

A
  1. serous
  2. fibrinous
  3. purulent
  4. ulcerative
  5. pseudomembranous
  6. granulomatous
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9
Q

exudation of clear fluid with few cells

A

serous

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10
Q

fibrin-rich exudate

A

fibrinous

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11
Q

exudate rich in pus

A

purulent

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12
Q

loss of epithelium resulting in ulcerous lesion

A

ulcerative

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13
Q

ulceration and a pseudomembrane over the ulcer

A

pseudomembranous

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14
Q

specialized form of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas (accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells)

A

granulomatous

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15
Q 
Inflammatory process (
-goal of inflammation is to isolate, eliminate and regenerate
A
  1. starts with the inflammatory response being initiated
  2. vasoconstriction occurs once response is initiated
    - venules 15-30 mins to isolate the contaminants within the site of injury to protect other surrounding tissues
  3. chemicals are released within the injury site
    - vasodilation is initiated
    - blood flow is increased, swelling, redness and heat and blood flow to the wound or foreign matter increases
  4. blood flow slows and chemotaxis begins
    - leukocytes mix with platelets along the edges of the vessel wall at the site of injury
  5. phagocytosis takes place
    - blood clots also form to stop initial bleeding
    - scab forms to wall off inflammatory process
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16
Q

a decrease in the diameter of a vessel

A

vasoconstriction

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17
Q

movement of white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators by neutrophils, monocytes, and injured tissues

A

chemotaxis

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18
Q

process in which phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris

A

phagocytes

19
Q

process in which phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris

A

phagocytes

20
Q

products of inflammation (3)

A
  1. inflammatory lesions
  2. pus
  3. inflammatory exudates
21
Q

inflammatory lesions (6)

A
  1. abscess
  2. ulcer
  3. vesicle
  4. furuncle
  5. carbuncle
  6. pustule
22
Q

localized accumulation of pus

A

abscess

23
Q

open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed, necrotic tissue

A

ulcer

24
Q

blister-like elevation of skin containing serious fluid

A

vesicle

25
Q

an abscess or pustular infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle

A

furuncle (boil)

26
Q

several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues that produce and discharge pus

A

carbuncle

27
Q

a small elevation of the skin containing pus

A

pustule

28
Q

protein rich fluid containing white blood cells, especially neutrophils, and cell debris produced during inflammation

  • commonly caused by infection with pus forming or pyogenic bacteria
  • normally is white or yellow but can be red if small blood vessels rupture
A

pus

29
Q

inflammatory exudates (4)

A
  1. exudate
  2. hemorrhagic
  3. serous
  4. purulent (suppurative)
30
Q

any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris oozing through the tissues into a cavity or to the surface

A

exudate

31
Q

cellular components of inflammation

A
  1. neutrophils
32
Q

cellular components of inflammation (5)

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils/ mast cells
  4. macrophages
  5. lymphocytes
33
Q
  • first cells to enter site of injury
  • able to kill bacteria and engulf material (phagocytosis)
  • produce chemicals to attract other cells (chemotaxis)
  • short lived
A

neutrophils

34
Q
  • kills bacteria
  • involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
  • present for longer than neutrophils
  • present in chronic inflammation
A

eosinophils

35
Q
  • release histamine which causes vasodilation

- known as basophils in blood, mast cells in tissue

A

basophils/mast cells

35
Q
  • release histamine which causes vasodilation

- known as basophils in blood, mast cells in tissue

A

basophils/mast cells

36
Q
  • enter site of injury within 3-4 days
  • able to kill bacteria and engulf material
  • present in chronic inflammation
A

macrophages

37
Q
  • have surface proteins specific for antigens

- memory lymphocytes can “remember” a previously encountered antigen

A

lymphocytes

38
Q

outcomes of inflammation

A

resolution

39
Q

the termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state

  • ultimate goal of inflammation
  • body attempts to repair injured tissues and return itself to its original healthy state when possible
  • results in either regeneration or repair depending on the extent of the damage
A

resolution

40
Q

damaged cells are replaced with identical new cells

  • not all tissue has the capacity for regeneration
  • certain diseases interfere with this process
A

regeneration

41
Q

restoration of damaged tissue by the growth of new, healthy cells not necessarily of the same type as the original tissue

A

repair

42
Q

a form of repaired tissue consisting of connective tissue

-contain no blood vessels, hair follicles, oil/sweat glands, or nerve endings

A

scar

pathology 1 (8 decks)

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