week 2 Flashcards
the cause, set of causes or manner of causation of a disease or condition
- predisposing factors and immediate causes that create pathological conditions
- an illness shouldn’t be confused with a disease
etiology
the condition of the person who is experiencing a disease
illness
a condition or situation that may make a person more susceptible to a disease
EX; age, race, nutritional status, sex, occupation, environment, economic status
predisposing factors
causes of diseases (3)
- immediate cause
- exogenous
- endogenous
a condition or situation that a person is born with or may contract later in life.
-can possibly be exogenous or endogenous
immediate cause
pathological considerations that are initiated from outside the body
exogenous
pathological considerations that are initiated from inside the body
endogenous
exogenous causes of diseases (3)
- physical agents
- chemical agents
- biological agents
physical agents for exogenous cause of disease
- source of energy that may cause injury or disease
2. mechanical, thermal, or radiation
chemical agents for exogenous causes of diseases
- chemical compound with toxic effects
2. examples include acids, potions, or drugs
biological agents for exogenous cause for diseases
- bacteria, viruses, fungi, other microorganisms
2. West Nile virus, ebola, smallpox
endogenous causes for diseases (5)
- physiological agents
- genetics
- genetics-monogenic
- genetics- chromosomal
- genetics- multifactorial
physiological agents for endogenous cause for disease
- a disruption of normal body function or process
2. hormonal changes, cancer
genetics for endogenous cause for disease
- hereditary
2. may be monogenic, chromosomal, or multifactoral
genetics-monogenic cause for endogenous cause for disease
- monogenic disorder
2. cystic fibrosis, diabetes insipidus, hemophilia
caused by a mutation by a mutation in a single gene
monogenic disorder
genetics-chromosomal cause for endogenous cause for disease
- chromosomal disorder
2. klinefelter syndrome, turners syndrome, down syndrome
caused by the abnormalities in the number of chromosomes or by changes in the chromosomal structure
chromosomal disorder
genetics multifactorial cause for endogenous cause for disease
- multifactorial disease
2. gout, diabetes melitus
results from the interactions of many factors, hereditary and environmental
multifactorial disease
protection from endogenous disease (3)
- body structures and functions, like tears, ph, intact skin, etc. help us to block the entry of germs into the body
- leukocytes will engulf invading organisms at the site of infection
- specific immune responses cause protective responses to foreign antigens
the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells
-includes natural, acquired, and malfunctions
immunity
the genetic features specific to race, sex and individuals ability to respond
natural immunity
the body developed ability to defend against a specific agent
acquired immunity
