week 2

Question 1

the cause, set of causes or manner of causation of a disease or condition

• predisposing factors and immediate causes that create pathological conditions
• an illness shouldn’t be confused with a disease

Answer 1

etiology

Question 2

the condition of the person who is experiencing a disease

Answer 2

illness

Question 3

a condition or situation that may make a person more susceptible to a disease
EX; age, race, nutritional status, sex, occupation, environment, economic status

Answer 3

predisposing factors

Question 4

causes of diseases (3)

Answer 4

1. immediate cause
2. exogenous
3. endogenous

Question 5

a condition or situation that a person is born with or may contract later in life.
-can possibly be exogenous or endogenous

Answer 5

immediate cause

Question 6

pathological considerations that are initiated from outside the body

Answer 6

exogenous

Question 7

pathological considerations that are initiated from inside the body

Answer 7

endogenous

Question 8

exogenous causes of diseases (3)

Answer 8

1. physical agents
2. chemical agents
3. biological agents

Question 9

physical agents for exogenous cause of disease

Answer 9

1. source of energy that may cause injury or disease

2. mechanical, thermal, or radiation

Question 10

chemical agents for exogenous causes of diseases

Answer 10

1. chemical compound with toxic effects

2. examples include acids, potions, or drugs

Question 11

biological agents for exogenous cause for diseases

Answer 11

1. bacteria, viruses, fungi, other microorganisms

2. West Nile virus, ebola, smallpox

Question 12

endogenous causes for diseases (5)

Answer 12

1. physiological agents
2. genetics
3. genetics-monogenic
4. genetics- chromosomal
5. genetics- multifactorial

Question 13

physiological agents for endogenous cause for disease

Answer 13

1. a disruption of normal body function or process

2. hormonal changes, cancer

Question 14

genetics for endogenous cause for disease

Answer 14

1. hereditary

2. may be monogenic, chromosomal, or multifactoral

Question 15

genetics-monogenic cause for endogenous cause for disease

Answer 15

1. monogenic disorder

2. cystic fibrosis, diabetes insipidus, hemophilia

Question 16

caused by a mutation by a mutation in a single gene

Answer 16

monogenic disorder

Question 17

genetics-chromosomal cause for endogenous cause for disease

Answer 17

1. chromosomal disorder

2. klinefelter syndrome, turners syndrome, down syndrome

Question 18

caused by the abnormalities in the number of chromosomes or by changes in the chromosomal structure

Answer 18

chromosomal disorder

Question 19

genetics multifactorial cause for endogenous cause for disease

Answer 19

1. multifactorial disease

2. gout, diabetes melitus

Question 20

results from the interactions of many factors, hereditary and environmental

Answer 20

multifactorial disease

Question 21

protection from endogenous disease (3)

Answer 21

1. body structures and functions, like tears, ph, intact skin, etc. help us to block the entry of germs into the body
2. leukocytes will engulf invading organisms at the site of infection
3. specific immune responses cause protective responses to foreign antigens

Question 22

the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells

-includes natural, acquired, and malfunctions

Answer 22

immunity

Question 23

the genetic features specific to race, sex and individuals ability to respond

Answer 23

natural immunity

Question 24

the body developed ability to defend against a specific agent

Answer 24

acquired immunity

Question 25

characterized by circulating antibodies or immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells

Answer 25

humoral immunity

Question 26

characterized by T lymphocytes

Answer 26

Cell mediated immunity

Question 27

malfunctions in immunity (4)

Answer 27

1. immune system malfunction
2. allergy
3. autoimmunity
4. immunodeficiency

Question 28

abnormally low or high activity of the immune system

Answer 28

immune system malfunction

Question 29

a hypersensitivity to a substance that normally does not cause a reaction

Answer 29

allergy

Question 30

immune response of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues

Answer 30

autoimmunity

Question 31

failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency or some process or substance

Answer 31

immunodeficiency