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pathology 1 > week 8 > Flashcards

week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant tumors information (5)

A
  1. tumors are cancerous
  2. infiltrate tissues with crablike extensions
  3. cause severe tissue destruction as they grow
  4. spread throughout the body
  5. metastasis
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2
Q

exception to the malignant tumor name

  • usually ends with
  • -sarcoma
  • -carcinoma
A
  1. glioma (brain tumor)
  2. lymphoma (lympathic system tumor)
  3. melanoma (skin cancer)
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3
Q

malignant tumors of epithelial tissue (5)

A
  1. melanoma
  2. squamous cell carcinoma
  3. adenocarcinoma
  4. transitional cell carcinoma
  5. basal cell carcinoma
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4
Q
  • a serious form of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes
  • 4% of all skin cancer cases but causes the most skin cancer related death
  • chance of developing increases with age
  • occurence is exacerbated by exposure to sunlight
  • may occur in skin, but can also occur anywhere that melanocytes are found; digestive tract, eye, meninges, lymph nodes
A

melanoma

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5
Q

Signs of melanoma (5)

A
  1. growth that increase in size and appears black, brown, red, pink or multicolored
  2. mole that changes color, texture, or shape or grows larger than a pencil eraser
  3. spot or growth that itches, hurts, crusts, scabs, erodes, or bleeds
  4. sore that lasts for more than 4 weeks, or heals and then reopens
  5. scaly bump that grows a projection similar to a horn
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6
Q
  • skin cancer that resembles the squamous cells in the outer layers of the skin
  • 2nd most common skin cancer
  • may remain isolated in epidermis, but will eventually penetrate the underlying tissues if not treated
  • small percentage will metastasize
  • most common on sun exposed parts of the body
  • most common on fair-skinned people
  • develops on sites of preexisting inflammatory skin conditions or burns
A

squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q
  • a malignant epithelial tumor with tubular, acing, or papillary growth patterns or mucus production by the tumor cells
  • most likely to occur in lungs, esophagus, colon, or paranoid salivary glands
  • most common type of lung cancer
A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q
  • cancer that arises from the transitional epithelium lining of the urinary system
  • most common cancer of the urinary system but can occur anywhere
  • fatal unless treated
  • twice as common in caucasians
  • more common in men
A

transitional cell carcinoma

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9
Q
  • cancer that arises from the basal cells in the skin
  • most common form of skin cancer and most common form of ANY cancer
  • common in older men who worked outside a lot
  • associated with chronic exposure to sunlight
A

basal cell carcinoma

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10
Q

warning signs of basal cell carcinoma (7)

A
  1. open sore that bleeds, oozes, or crusts and remains open for three or more weeks
  2. a reddish patch that crusts, itches, or hurts
  3. a shiny bump that is translucent or pink, red, white, black or brown
  4. a pink growth with an elevated border and a crusted indentation in the center
  5. appearance of tiny blood vessels on the surface of a growth as it enlarges
  6. scar like area that is white, yellow, or waxy with poorly defined borders
  7. shiny and taut skin around a growth
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11
Q

malignant tumors of connective tissue (6)

A
  1. osteosarcoma
  2. chondrosarcoma
  3. liposarcoma
  4. angiosarcoma
    - hemangiosarcoma
    - lymphangiosarcoma
  5. fibrosarcoma
  6. lymphoma
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12
Q
  • an aggressive, rapid growing bone tumor that often spreads to the lungs in its early stages
  • appears as hard, white tissue with scattered areas of flesh like tissue that bleed
  • high percentage respond to chemo
  • if tumor doesn’t respond to chemo, amputation is necessary
A

osteosarcoma

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13
Q
  • a type of bone cancer that primarily affects the cartilage cells of the femur, arm, pelvis, knee and spine
  • exact cause is unknown
  • treatment may include surgery, radiation, physical therapy, and chemo
A

chondrosarcoma

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14
Q

signs and symptoms of chondrosarcoma (3)

A
  1. presence of large mass on the affected bone
  2. feelings of pressure around the mass
  3. pain is worse at night, not relieved through rest, pain may be present for years but increases gradually over time
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15
Q
  • -a fatty, cancerous tumor that grows in deep connective tissue spaces
  • often occurs behind knee, medial thigh, behind digestive organs and in shoulder area
  • surgical excision is generally the treatment
  • high mortality rate
A

liposarcoma

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16
Q
  • uncommon, malignant tumor that grows rapidly, arising from cells derived from vessels
  • aggressive, spread through lymph nodes and rest of body
  • more frequent in skin and soft tissue, but can occur anywhere
  • liver and bone more common in men
  • of the breast is more common in premenopausal women 30-50 years old
A

angiosarcoma

17
Q

malignant tumor of blood vessels

A

hemangiosarcoma

18
Q

malignant tumor of lymph vessels

A

lympangiosarcoma

19
Q
  • large, destructive infiltrating malignant tumor consisting of fibrous tissue
  • most common in extremities
  • result in pathologic bone fractures
  • reoccurence is common
A

fibrosarcoma

20
Q
  • a malignant tumor that results from a mutation during lymphocyte
  • cancerous lymphocytes can grow in many parts of the body
A

lymphoma

21
Q

painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, axillary space, or groin, swelling in the legs or ankles, abdominal discomfort or bloating, fever, weightless, night sweats, chills, lack of energy, itching

A

S/S

22
Q

malignant tumors of muscle tissue (2)

A
  1. rhabdomyosarcoma

2. leiomyosarcoma

23
Q
  • rare, fast growing, malignant tumor
  • accounts for over half of the soft tissue sarcomas in children
  • causes noticeable lump on Childs body
  • diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of early symptoms
  • treated with surgery and radiation
  • mortality rate is high - 50% of children will survive 5 years
A

rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q
  • a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle that commonly metastasizes to the lungs
  • most commonly develop in uterus and stomach
  • treatement is surgery, radiation and chemo
A

leiomyosarcoma

25
Q

malignant tumors of nervous tissue (1)

A
  1. glioma
26
Q
  • a form of brain cancer that arises from supporting cells in the brain (glial cell)
  • types includes astrocytomas, ependymomas, and oligodendrogliomas; these occur in frontal and temporal lobes of cerebrum and spread through cerebrospinal fluid to spinal cord
  • S/S caused by blockage of the ventricles of the brain which leads to increased intracranial pressure due to buildup of cerebrospinal fluid
  • treatment includes surgery, radiation and chemo
  • mortality is high
  • more common in men than women
A

Glioma

27
Q

a sac within or on the body surface containing air of fluid

A

cysts

28
Q

Cysts (2)

A
  1. ovarian cyst

2. sebaceous cyst

29
Q
  • a fluid filled sac that develops in the ovary and consists of one or more chambers
  • not malignant but may have to be removed
  • may be present at birth or occur later
  • most don’t require treatment
  • 30% women with regular periods, 50% women with irregular cycles
A

ovarian cysts

30
Q
  • a closed sac found just under the skin containing a material formed from skin secretions
  • also knows as epidermal cysts, keratin or epidermoid cysts
  • product of swollen hair follicles or trauma to skin
  • created when keratin protein is secreted from sebaceous sweat glands
  • common on face, neck, and trunk of body
  • don’t require treatment but may if acquires abscess
A

sebaceous cyst

31
Q

nonneoplastic changes (3)

A
  1. hypertrophy; increase in size of cells not # of cells
  2. hyperplasia; increase in number of cells
  3. metaplasia; one cell type is replaced by another cell type
32
Q

postmortem conditions (8)

A
  1. emaciation
  2. dehydration
  3. cachexia
  4. discoloration
  5. hemorrhage
  6. tissue deformation
  7. extravascular obstruction
  8. iatrogenic conditions

pathology 1 (8 decks)

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