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pathology 1 > week4 > Flashcards

week4 Flashcards

1
Q

any development of an organ or structure that is abnormal in form, structure or position

A

congenital anomaly

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2
Q

any anomaly

A

malformation

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3
Q

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body

-incomplete development of tissues due to a decreased number of cells

A

hypoplasia

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4
Q

complete failure of a tissue or an organ to develop

-absence of cells that leads to incomplete formation of limbs or organs

A

aplasia

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5
Q

the condition of having more than the normal number of fingers or toes

A

polydactylism

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6
Q

a congenital condition in which the proximal portions of the limbs are poorly developed or absent

A

phocomelia

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7
Q

the absence of one or more limbs

A

amelia

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8
Q

conditions (7)

A
  1. spina bifida
  2. limb deformities
  3. cleft lip/palate
  4. color blindness
  5. vascular nevus
  6. down syndrome
  7. hernia
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9
Q

a structural abnormality that results in the failure of the fetus’ spine to close properly during the first month of gestation

  • accompanied by developmental insufficiencies of the brain, spinal cord, and/or meninges
  • infants may be born with an open lesion on their spine along with damage to the nerves and spinal cord
  • this damage is usually permanent and usually results in paralysis of the legs
  • most children exhibit mental disabilities as well as bowel and bladder complications
  • many infants also have hydrocephalus (extra fluid in brain)
  • no cure, prognosis depends on the number and severity of abnormalities
  • possible treatments include surgery, medication, and physical therapy
A

spina bifida

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10
Q

different types of spina bifida (3)

A
  1. myelomeningocele
  2. meningocele
  3. occulta
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11
Q

the most severe form of spina bifida, characterized by the protrusion from an opening in the spine of both the malformed spinal cord and the meninges

A

myelomeningocele

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12
Q

occurs when the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening

A

meningocele

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13
Q

the least severe form, in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and covered by a layer of skin

A

occulta

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14
Q

limb deformities (5)

A
  1. Amelia
  2. hypoplasia
  3. aplasia
  4. phocomelia
  5. polydactylism
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15
Q

occurs when the 2 sides of the palate fail to fuse during the fetal development resulting in an opening between the palatine bones that form the roof of the mouth

  • -fetal defect that can occur on one or both sides
  • genetic factor
A

cleft palate

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16
Q

a separation of the 2 sides of the lip which may include the bones of the upper jaw

  • fetal defect that can occur on one or both sides
  • genetic factor
A

cleft lip

17
Q

condition in which individuals have difficulties identifying various colors and shades of colors

  • due to defects in specialized cells in the retina of the eyes (cones) that enable humans to see in color
  • most cases are inherited
  • almost always affects males
  • no treatment or cure for congenital but may be acquired over time
A

color blindness

18
Q

color blindness types (3)

A
  1. red/green colorblindness
  2. blue colorblindness
  3. achromatopsia
19
Q

can distinguish between red and green when comparing the two but they can’t determine if a color is red or green when shown only one of the two colors

A

red/green colorblindness

20
Q

cannot distinguish between blue and yellow, they see only white or gray

A

blue colorblindness

21
Q

total colorblindness

-very rare, hereditary and usually associated with poor visual acuity and extreme sensitivity to light

A

achromatophsia

22
Q

a type of birthmark, also known as strawberry mark, in which superficial blood vessels are enlarged

  • vary in shape and size
  • slightly elevated from the surface of the skin
  • red or purple coloration
A

vascular nevus

23
Q
  • extra chromosome present, usually 21 or 22
  • intellectual disability occurs in varying degrees
  • result of a genetic mutation
  • linked to mothers age
  • mothers under 30 have 1 in 1000 chance while over 49 have 1 in 12 chance
A

Down syndrome

24
Q

physical attributes of Down syndrome (6)

A
  1. sloped forehead
  2. small ear canals
  3. gray or light yellow spots around iris of the eyes
  4. low set ears
  5. dwarfed physical appearance
  6. short broad hands with a single palmar crease
25
Q

physical attributes of Down syndrome (6)

A
  1. sloped forehead
  2. small ear canals
  3. gray or light yellow spots around iris of the eyes
  4. low set ears
  5. dwarfed physical appearance
  6. short broad hands with a single palmar crease
26
Q

the protrusion of an organ through the wall normally containing it

  • may appear at any point in life but can be congenital
  • common in the groin and in the diaphragm
A

hernia

pathology 1 (8 decks)

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