Week Ten Flashcards
Intimates
The people in your life whom you feel comfortable communicating about a wide variety of topics at a deep level
Intimate relationship communication
The communication occurring between two people in an intimate relationship that involves significant self closure, is in dependant, supportive and validating
When does an intimate relationship exist?
It exists between two people if they impact upon one another and they are independent in the sense that a change in one person causes a change in another
What are the 3 most common forms of intimate relationships?
Family relationships
Friendships
Romantic relationships
What communications occurs within an intimate relationship?
Dyadic, interdependent, supportive and involved significant mutual disclosure it also offers appropriate validation to encourage relationship growth.
Dyadic
Relates to the number two
Dyadic communication it’s the communication which takes place between two people
Self disclosure
The information we share with others about ourselves
Describe the amount of self-disclosure that would occur in a collectivist culture
You would expect to see lower levels of self disclosure
Feedback
Solicited or unsolicited information given to someone with the aim of improving that persons self awareness
That characteristics are important in regards to feedback?
Important to be specific about the feedback you are wanting
As the person you are asking is also important to ensure that you are ready for complete honesty
When offering feedback you could also precede the negative statement with a positive one
Supportive communication
Verbal and non-verbal behaviour produced with intention of providing assistance to others perceived as needed that aid
Post-centred messages
Communication in that reflects a persons ability to identify what another person may be experiencing
Messages that are low in person-centeredness are not as effective as a tool of supportive communication
The more person-centered the message the more effective the supportive communication is at reducing distress in a situation
Validation
The provision of an empathetic response that indicates that one person is listening to another of indicates reassurance or approval. Validation can also come in the form of reassurance or approval.
When a person repeats themselves what could they be trying to do?
They could possibly be trying to look for verbal and non verbal signals that you heard and understood what they said
What are some examples of things that could possibly affect relationship effectiveness?
Type of relationship
Gender
Attachment styles
The satisfaction with the relationship
Idioms
Words and phrases that come to carry unique meanings only in the context of that particular relationship. People in romantic relationships tend to use these more often.
What is common in regards to communication in romantic relationships?
Use of idioms
The use of non verbals communication in order to express intimacy
Report talk
This style of communication focuses more on the reporting of events, relating factual information, asking questions and promoting answers. This style of communication is most commonly used by men
Rapport talk
This style of communication is less likely to be focused on facts and figures and more likely focuses on building closeness in the relationship, developing trust and expressing emotion. This style of communication is most commonly used by women
Attachment style
The cognitive, behavioural and emotional system you employ when participating within relationships
Describe the communication of partners that are dissatisfied?
Partners interrupting each other
It can involve communicating with a sense of detachment and giving in
Family
A network of people to whom you feel emotionally connected, who provide you with support, instill within you a sense of identity and share a common history with you
What are some difficulties in family communication?
When a message passes though a number of different people which may alter the overall intended message
Friends
Our closest confidants who we are deeply connected to and who provide us with a sense of community.
What are some problems of children who lack friendships?
Display more conduct problems, delinquency and substance abuse
What are some problems of adults who lack friendships?
Greater risk of anxiety and depressive disorders
Group communication
A pattern of responding that occurs between people who are interdependent, reflecting their mutual goals or common interests
Formal groups
In which members have come together for a specific formal committee
Informal groups
Have formed as a result of casual acquaintances developing into something deeper for example your friendship circle
Group
A random collection of people that will interact with one another over time, be mutually influential, share a common goal, and be interdependent
Group processes
Any factors that can impact positively of negatively on a groups ability to function effectively and efficiently
Role
The behaviours performed by members of the group that serve to promote task-orientated behaviour or that serve to improve group cohesion
Task roles
Any role that helps the group actually achieve its goal
Information seeker, coordinator, recorder, initiator, critic
Maintenance roles
Roles that help maintain the group
Encourager, observer, harmoniser
Negative roles
Dominator, blocker, special-interest pleader, joker
Resource investigator
Sources of information and liaises with people outside the group
Implementer
Principle decision maker
Monitor evaluator
Critiques and evaluates plans
Supporter
Assesses the groups mood and provides support
Self-centred followers
Group members who adopt roles that reduce group cohesion and increase conflict
Norm
A standard of behaviour or an expectation that can reduce uncertainty and improve group cohesion
What are the different forms a norm can take?
Documented
Explicit - clearly stated
Implicit - suggested though not directly expressed
Invisible - unaware
Group Cohesion
The degree of affiliation that is left between each of the group members that encourages group members to remain in the group
When group cohesion is high…
The group members feel compelled to stay and want to help the group succeed, communication is effective and group members work efficiently.
Groups with higher levels of cohesion also can overcome unexpected hurdles much easier. They also set goals and find it easier to achieve them
What are the different stages of group development?
1) dependency and inclusion (forming)
2) counter-dependency (storming)
3) trust and structure (norming)
4) work (performing)
5) termination (adjourning)
Dependency and inclusion (forming)
The first dosage by which the group is getting to know each other, and not step on the toes of other group members. Typically communication is in a positive manner, optimistic with lower levels of conflict.
Counter-dependency (storming)
Communication is more honest and you’re not hiding your feelings and maybe openly disagreeing with your group members. Conflict starts to begin and favourites may be developed
Trust and structure (norming)
Things become more smooth. A common goal is purpose and goal is reached. Communication becomes more mutual and less conflicted as the group members grow knowledge of one another which allows them to communicate with earner respect and trust.
Work (performing)
This phase shows cooperation between members, efficient and effective problem solving, and the adoption of strategies.
Termination (adjourning)
Once the group had reached their goal. Group members tend to reflect on their performance.
Synergy
The idea that a groups output is greater than the sum of the individuals contributions
Inclusion
The desire that many people feel that they need to feel they are apart of something and have an identity
Control
The need to feel competent to make decisions to lead and be responsible for someone
Affection
The drive to form long lasting relationships with people to give and receive affection and warmth, to trust and care for others
What are the interpersonal needs?
Inclusion
Control
Affection
Abdicrat
Someone who does not seek control over others and prefers other to have more control over them
Over social
Had a want to be included in all the social activities
Under social
Had the same sense of belonging however with out the need to be included in the terms of social activities
Social loafing
When a group member avoids contributing to the group tasks thereby requiring other group members to complete their work.
What are the disadvantages of groups?
Social loafing - when people think that everyone will do all the work for them
Group think - people can’t think for themselves
Group think
A situation that occurs when group members unconsciously exert pressure on each other to behave in the groups best interests and never say or do anything that would go against the groups interests
Characteristics of groupthink
Illusion of invulnerability Collective rationalisation Illusion of morality Excessive stereotyping Pressure of conformity Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity Mind guards
Describe the different types of communication…
Lateral communication - equal footing e.g manager to manager
Upward communication - complaints
Downward communication - orders, commands
Grapevine communication - informal
Autocratic leadership style
Makes all the decisions - dictates
Democratic leadership style
Decisions based on group discussions
Laissez-faire leadership style
Gives group complete freedom, takes no part in decision making
Peer supervision
Formal review of the work of a member opt hat is requested by that member, and utilises the expertise and competence of his or her peers. The group provides ‘expert advice’ in relation to the practice of the member
Peer mentoring
When an experienced person helps a less experienced person learn how to achieve his or her goals
Leadership
The process through which leaders exert influence among members
Leadership skills
Leaders ability to help the group achieve its goals and maintain effective working relationship among members
