Week One Flashcards
what is Neoplasm
New growth, typically a tumour
Suffix neo means new
what is Oncology
Study of tumours
what does suffix OMA mean
presence of tumour (e.g osteoma= bone tumour)
what is Metastasis
process where malignant tumours spread from site of origin and form secondary tumours
can be transformed via blood, lymph, transcoelomic and implantation (accidentally during surgery)
what is anaplastic?
and how are cancers graded??
Poorly differentiated cells.
this is used to grade cancer (0-4) of which 4 is poorly differentiated cancer cells, with high aggression.
i.e
1=well differentiated near mirror to normal tissue
4= poorly differentiated is a lethal tumour
what is aetiology
causation of disease
what caused it
what epidemiology
incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases
what is Pathogenesis
mechanism causing disease.
What is primary and secondary nomenclature
used to help describe causation of a disease.
Primary means it has not come from ancestors.
secondary means it is ancestral
naming will depend on the suffix/prefix that best fits
Benign vs Malignant
Benign: well differentiated cells slow expansion/growth No metastasis localised not lethal
Malignant: un differentiated metastasis present lethal rapid growth
how are cancers staged???
Uses T,N,M and numbering between 0-2
T: size of tumour
N: number of lymph nodes that have cancer
M: metasasis prevalent?
e.g T1 N2 M0
what are two characteristic features of a c-spine fracture
alvusion fracture
or
compression/impact fracture
what are some commonly missed injuries to c-spine and why
small non-displaced fractures at c7 or cervicalcranium region because there is often no deformity or malignancy seen
what is prognosis
anticipated course of disease
what is sequela
secondary effects from a disease.
