week 2: fractures Flashcards
what is a complete fracture?
And what are the different types?
- bone is broken right through
1) Open: skin is broken
2) Closed: skin intact
3) Comminuted: multiple #
4) Compression: wedged
5) Avulsion: separated bone segment is attached to ligament/tendon (ANKLE)
Types of Incomplete #’s
1) Greenstick (one side is broken, the other bent)
2) Torus (bulging cortex appearance)
3) transchondral (separation of articular cartilage from bone)
4) bowing (bend in bone)
5) stress fracture
what is a compound fracture
where significant displacement of bone has occurred. this is unstable. high risk of infection
what must be stated when describing a fracture
1) location
2) Direction of fracture line (e.g oblique)
3 Type of fracture (e.g greenstick)
4) is it displaced or non-displaced?
5) any bone features? (e.g osteoporotic)
What visually characterises a anterior shoulder dislocation
and a posterior dislocation
- Humeral head sits in Subcoracoid space
- Widened appearance of glenoid fossa
- often with avulsion fracture of greater tuberosity, or fracture or humeral neck
Narrowed joint space between humeral head and glenoid fossa
what are the different types of femoral neck fractures
1) Subcapital
2) Transcervical
3) intertrochanteric
4) subtrochanteric
what is the difference between sublaxation
and a dislocation
sublaxation is a partial loss of connection
dislocation is a full loss of connection
what is haemarthrosis and lipoheamoarthosis
bleeding into joint capsule.
this will often displace fat pads outward.
lipoheamoarthosis is where fat and blood enter joint capsule.
what is difference between colles fracture and smiths fracture.
colles fracture:
occurs because of FOOSH. posterior/dorsal displacement of distal fragment. “dinner fork”
smiths:
anterior/volar displacement of distal fragment
(fall on outstretched supinated hand)
what is a Trimalleolar fracture
fracture of both malleoli and a joint space widening to the tibofibular (due to torn ligaments)
