Cardiac diseases

Question 1

what is normal cardiac thoracic ratio

Answer 1

1:2

It may be distorted due too:
patient rotation
not PA view
incomplete breathe in

Question 2

What is dextrocardia

what are the two types.

Answer 2

• heart appears on the right hand side
• 1) Isolated dextrocardia:
  ONLY heart is on RHS
• 2) Complete situs inversus
  all organs and hear are reversed left and right (can be seen if stomach bubble is on RHS)

Question 3

What is radiographic appearance of RIGHT hand side heart failure

Answer 3

• right heart border is enlarged

left hand border tends to decrease in size as there is lack of blood

Question 4

What is AORTIC COARCTION

Answer 4

• Area where aorta is narrowed. (95% occurs in left subclavian artery)

seen in X-ray by rib notching.

• Femoral pulse often diminished

Question 5

what is Valvar disease

Answer 5

thickening to one of the 4 valves within the heart.

e.g mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary

Question 6

What is Aortic stenosis

and the two types

Answer 6

aortic stenosis is type of valvar disease where the aortic valve is thickened

1) Calcific stenosis
- degenerative calcium deposits left on aortic cups
2) rheumatic aortic stenosis
inflammatory fusion

Question 7

how is an aortic stenosis seen on radiograph:

Answer 7

seen with rounding of cardiac apex
localised prominence on ascending aorta.
aortic valve calcification.

Question 8

What is pulmonary embolism.

How is it seen on radiograph

Answer 8

blockage of major vessel in lung
caused by thrombus deep within pelvis or lower leg.

Hamptoms hump appearance on X-ray (wedge shape)

Question 9

what is right side and left side cardiac failure associated with

Answer 9

right side is associated with systemic failure

left side associated with pulmonary failure.

Question 10

what are some radiographic indications of heart disease?

Answer 10

heart size change.
heart shape change
increased vascularity within lungs
blood vessel hypertension