Week 5- Bone tumours Flashcards
What is Metastases
The secondary development of malignant tumours. These grow at a distance from primary site of cancer
what is a periosteal reaction
Formation of new bone due to injury. can be 1) laminated (due to ewing tumour)
2) spiculated (due to most aggressive tumour e.g osteosarcoma)
3) codmans triangle (osteosarcoma)
4) hair on hair (ewing sarcoma)
5) solid (osteiod osteoma)
what is difference between lytic and sclerotic bone tumours
lytic is more aggressive with increased osteoclastic activity.
Sclerotic. Has very sharp edges to the side of lesion (bone hardening appearance)
what 6 things must be considered when analysing a bone tumour
location of lesion?, sclerotic or lystic? Defined or ill-defined border? Bony destruction (cortical)? Persosteal reaction? Surrounding soft tissue changes? Benign or malignant?
Types of benign bone tumours?
1) Simple Bone cyst
2) Osteoid osteoma (shows a noid on x-ray)
3) Giant Cell tumour
4) Non ossifying fibroma
5) Pagets disease (cotton wool appearance)
6) Chondrosarcoma (cartilage cancer)
Types of Malignant Bone tumours
1) osteosarcoma (gives codmans triangle)
2) Earwings sarcoma (gives hair on hair periosteal)
3) Bone metastasis
What characterises a Giant Cell tumour
1) epiphysis must be closed
2) must Touch articular surface
3) Has Well defined, Non-sclerotic borders
4) Must be eccentric (located centrally)
what is typical radiographic appearance of simple bone cyst
well defined lytic lesion
cortical thinning
typically occurs at proximal end of long bone
pathological # common, resulting in a periosteal reaction.
ewings sarcoma typical radiographic appearance
typically has cortical thickening (periosteal reaction)
has sunburst reaction
ill defined mixed sclerotic and lytic lesion
osteosarcoma radiographic appearance
moth eaten appearance
ill defined
sclerotic lesion
codmans triangle
describe chondrosarcoma
malignant ill defined lytic lesion
with chondroid mineralisation
