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Human physiology > Week 9: The neural system > Flashcards

Week 9: The neural system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two categories of PNS division?

A

Afferent Efferent

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2
Q

What type of neurons are afferent PNS division?

A

Sensory neurons

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3
Q

What type of neurons are efferent PNS division?

A

Motor neurons

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4
Q

Define sensory function

A

To sense change in the internal external environment through sensory receptors (afferent neurons)

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5
Q

Define integrative function

A

To analyse the sensory information, store some aspects and make decisions (interneurons)

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6
Q

Define motor function

A

To respond to stimuli by initiation of action (efferent neurons)

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7
Q

How many cranial nerves are there in the brain?

A

12 pairs

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8
Q

How many spinal nerves are there in the spinal cord?

A

31 pairs

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9
Q

In the afferent peripheral nervous system (PNS) division, where do the impulses go to and from?

A

From the receptors to the CNS (skin to CNS)

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10
Q

In the efferent peripheral nervous system (PNS) division, where do the impulses go to and from?

A

From the CNS to the effectors (CNS to muscle)

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11
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Pass afferent transmission to efferent response without need for brain involvement

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12
Q

What are the two types of nervous systems of the efferent division?

A

Autoomic (involuntary processes) Somatic (motor neurons)

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13
Q

What is the function of the afferent neurons?

A

To sense change in the internal and external environment through sensory receptors (sensory function)

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14
Q

What is the function of interneurons?

A

To analyse the sensory information store some aspects and make decisions (Integrative function)

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15
Q

What is the function of the efferent neurons?

A

To respond to stimuli by initiation of action (motor function)

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16
Q

What are the two types of main tissue?

A

Neurons Neurogila

17
Q

Neurons are the __________ of the nervous system?

A

Functional units

18
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Convert stimuli to nerve impulses

19
Q

What is the function of the neurogila?

A

Protect and support the neurons

20
Q

What are the two components of the motor unit?

A

Alpha-motorneuron Muscle fibres innervated by the alpha-motorneuron

21
Q

How are the type I muscle fibres described?

A

Slow

22
Q

How are the type IIa muscle fibres described?

A

Fatigue resistant

23
Q

How are the type IIb muscle fibres described?

A

Fast fatiguing

24
Q

How many alpha-motorneurons is each muscle fibre connected to?

A

One

25
Q

Label the diagram and describe its function

A

Dendrites Picking up signals

26
Q

Label A and describe its function

A

Axon hillock Nerve impulse generated (initiation of the action potential takes place)

27
Q

Label B and describe its function

A

Axon Carriers electrical impulse away from cell body

28
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty substance that surround the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrical insulator

29
Q

What are the four nerve fibre groups?

A

A-alpha A-beta A-delta C

30
Q

What nerve fibres are myelinated?

A

A-alpha A-beta A-delta

31
Q

How does the size of the fibre effect the conduction velocity?

A

Larger the size the faster the velocity

32
Q

What type of structural classification of neuron is this?

A

Multipolar neuron

33
Q

What type of structural classification of neuron is this?

A

Bipolar neuron

34
Q

What type of structural classification of neuron is this?

A

Unipolar neuron

35
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70 mV

36
Q

What determines the action potential of the membrane?

A

The concentration of ions inside and outside the cell (Na+ and Cl-)

37
Q

Label the action potential graph

A

Depolarisation

Repolarisation

Hyperpolarisation

38
Q

What are the two types of signal summation?

A

Spatial summation Temporal summation

Human physiology (11 decks)

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