Week 9 - Prosocial Behavior Flashcards

Question

Correlates of Gratitude Strong social relationships

Answer 1

Forgiveness, attachment Grateful people often have qualities that allow them to develop and maintain strong relationships with others, including a higher level of forgiveness

Answer 2

Decreased gratitude mediated relationship between materialism and resulting lower life satisfaction

Answer 3

US: “Thank you” - more positive reactions in US Samples compared to Korea Korea: apology phrases like “I’m sorry” - prefer this Which is better to save face

Answer 4

White Americans benefited more from gratitude as a happiness‐enhancing technique vs. Asian Americans Gratitude journals increased negative feelings for South Koreans Necessity of reciprocity (guilt)

Answer 5

Positively correlated with gratitude Interaction of religious commitment and religious gratittude - sensitive to being able to predict emotional well-being

Answer 6

Women appear to benefit from gratitude more and experience it more often and more comfortably In families where social support is high, boys benefited more from gratitude Likely a complex relationship among gender/gratitude/outcome

Answer 7

Race, religious affiliation Older African Americans and Mexican Americans reported being more grateful to God than White Americans

Answer 8

gratitude journals (i.e., recorded events for which they were thankful) were superior in terms of (1) the amount of exercise undertaken, (2) optimism about the upcoming week, and (3) feeling better about their lives

Answer 9

Meditate daily on three gratitude‐related questions: What did I receive? What did I give? What troubles and difficulties did I cause to others?

Answer 10

write a letter of thanks to someone for whom they were grateful and to then deliver that letter in person. They then compared youth in their study who were high in positive affect with those who were low in positive affect in terms of the effectiveness of this gratitude exercise. Youth low in positive affect had greater gratitude increases and higher positive affect than youth already high in positive affect So…it might be more important to cultivate gratitude in youth whoare lower in positive affect/experiences

Answer 11

Gratitude toward first responders pre‐ and post‐9/11 terrorist attacks Times of strife may lead to reprioritizing

Answer 12

Ask people to list the things about which they are grateful Qualitative – coding stories that people wrote about their lives Behavioural measurement – e.g., times a child says “thank you” Quantifying grateful responses Self‐report scales Multidimensional Prayer Inventory Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test (GRAT) Gratitude Adjective Checklist (GAC) Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ‐6)

Answer 13

activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (thought to be responsible for emotional regulation and other impulse control) and the medial prefrontal cortex (often associated with social cognition and decision-making) was found during the experience of gratitude

Answer 14

People are less likely to express gratitude in the workplace than anyplace else ◦ 60% never or very rarely thanked anyone at work Only 10% expressed gratitude at work on a given day 35% worried that expressing gratitude would lead co‐workers to take advantage of them Yet this and other surveys also show that: Saying “thanks” at work makes people feel happier and hearing “thanks” made them happier and more productive (by 50%!) Only 18% felt expressing gratitude made bosses seem weak; 93% said grateful bosses were more likely to succeed In general, “Thank you” from a supervisor boosts self‐worth and self‐ efficacy; gratitude recipients become more trusting and more helpful According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the number one reason why people leave their jobs is because they don’t feel appreciated.

Answer 15

Medical students and other health care professionals often show a decrease in altruistic mindsets and empathy as they move through their educational processes 43% of nurses and more than half of physicians say they have struggled with BURNOUT. Burnout is a complex state of being, generally defined by: Emotional exhaustion cynicism and callous attitudes towards others a reduced ability to be effective in our jobs and relationships. Burnout can be caused by feeling unappreciated.

Answer 16

Health care providers twice weekly wrote down things for which they were grateful. RESULTS: Reductions in perceived stress (28%) and depression (16%) in health care practitioners “Such positive effects can also lead to an improvement in both productivity and quality of patient services.”

Answer 17

Cannot always expect pure altruism – it’s okay to feel good about helping other people Innocent bystander effect – diffusion of personal responsibility Decrease in altruistic mindsets and empathy – due to burnout, frustration