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GREEK > Week 9: Peloponnesian War Pt. I > Flashcards

Week 9: Peloponnesian War Pt. I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for an older, more mature homosexual lover?

A

Erastes

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2
Q

What is the name for a young boy lover in a homosexual relationship?

A

Eronemos

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3
Q

How did Eronemos show sexual restraint?

A

By refusing sex from the older Erastes

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4
Q

Why did Eronemos want to show sexual restraint?

A

Because sexual restraint was seen as highly attractive

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5
Q

What was unacceptable in homosexual sex and why?

A

Anal penetration.

Because to be penetrated is to have NO power. ex. only women get penetrated NOT men.

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6
Q

In Homer’s Illiad, who is Achilles’ Eronemos?

A

Patroklus

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7
Q

The Spartans viewed pederasty as an _____________.

A

Educational experience

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8
Q

Which two places had institutionalized pederasty that inspired it in Athens?

A

Sparta & Crete

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9
Q

The main focus of ancient Greek Pederasty was _________.

A

Education (not sex)

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10
Q

Where did one go to find an Erastes?

A

At the various Gymnasions

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11
Q

How did Gymnasiums restrain pederasty in their institutions?

A
  • They banned anyone with a record of child rape to enter the gymnasia
  • And they generally prohibited untrustsworthy individuals from entering the gymnasia
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12
Q

True or False:

Laws were made against customers of male prostitutes and male pimps.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Most Greeks were accustomed to a pederastic homosexual relationship, BUT, some looked down upon ___________

A

Adult to Adult homosexuality

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14
Q

How many years did the Peloponnesian War last?

A

27

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15
Q

Which historian predicted the events and began to take notes on the Spartan-Athenian tension since day 1?

A

Thucydides

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16
Q

What did Thucydides say the TRUE cause of the Peloponnesian War was?

A

Spartan fear of Athenian power

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17
Q

How did Thucydides predict this war from day 1?

A

He said that since the two states were at the height of their power, war was INEVITABLE

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18
Q

Which 2 natural phenomenons occurred A LOT more frequently in the Peloponnesian War compared to the previous Persian wars?

A
  1. Solar Eclipses
  2. Earthquakes
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19
Q

What is the main difference between the type of warfare between the Persian wars and the Peloponnesian wars?

A
  • Persian wars were decided in 2 land battles and 2 sea battles
  • Peloponnesian war raged for decades, with long term major campaigns
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20
Q

What are the 4 causes of the FIRST Peloponnesian war?

A
  • The Naupactus incident
  • Athens builds the Long Walls
  • Athens fights against Corinth, Sicyon, Aegina and even Sparta briefly
  • Athens annexes Boeotia, Phokis and Aegina
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21
Q

What 3 places did Athens annex to the great annoyance of the Spartans?

A
  • Boeotia
  • Phokis
  • Aegina
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22
Q

Which 2 states are the first to successfully LEAVE Athens & the Delian League in revolt?

A
  • Euboea
  • Megara
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23
Q

In what year was the 30 Years Peace declared?

A

445 BC

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24
Q

What are the 2 conditions of the 30 Years Peace?

A
  • Athens gets bases in the Peloponnese
  • Non Interference clause
    (don’t fuck with each other’s allies)
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25
Q

What occurred in Corcyra in 433 BC?

A
  • The Corcyrans were at war with Corinth over control of Epidamnus
  • Both sides plea to Athens for help
  • Athens chooses Corcyra
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26
Q

What 3 places are seen as the causes of the Peloponnesian War?

A
  • Epidamnus (corinth and corcyra war)
  • Potidea
  • Megara
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27
Q

In what year did Sparta release an ultimatum?

A

432 BC

28
Q

Which state did Athens demand the allegiance of after it sided with Corinth?

A

Potidea

29
Q

Who did Athens embargo after they switched allegiances to Sparta?

A

Megara

30
Q

In the 432 BC ultimatum, Sparta threatened to attack unless Athens…………. (3 things)

A
  • Expelled the “accursed” from Athens (Alkmeonidae)
  • Stopped its embargo of Megara
  • Stopped its blockade of Potidea
31
Q

In what 3 ways did Athens find funding for the war?

A
  1. Taxing the Delian League Allies
  2. The Acropolis treasury
  3. Melting down statues from the Acropolis
32
Q

True or False:

Athens didn’t have the money to wage a proper war.

A

FALSE

Athens was SUPER RICH and had more than enough money.

33
Q

What 2 things worried Athens at the onset of the Peloponnesian war?

A
  • Concern over allies tribute payments and unsustainable financial regulations
  • Concern over Sparta’s superior land forces
34
Q

What did Pericles say Athens was in his Funeral Oration?

A

The “School of Greece”

35
Q

How does the Plague undermine Pericles’ Funeral Oration’s message?

A
  • The plague showed that when democracy is truly tested, lawlessness and anarchy take over
  • It also infers that you can plan an idealize democracy all you want, but wildcards do exist, and it will shake the system
36
Q

What is Pericles’ strategy for winning the Peloponnesian War?

A
  • Rely on our navy (keep up naval trade, and blockade pro-spartan cities)
  • Don’t take any big risks
37
Q

After Pericles’ death, what do the Athenians do about his strategy?

A

They forget it and drop it

38
Q

According to Thucydides, Athens democracy is more of a monarchy, and is _______________

A

“Government by the first citizen”

39
Q

What prevented Athens from having skilled political leadership after Pericles’ death?

A
  • Because Pericles was so good a statesman, everyone listened to him, so he didn’t have to worry about losing power
  • But, his successors, who weren’t ass skilled or well liked, worried more about their power than the governing itself
40
Q

According to Thucydides, why did Athens lose the Peloponnesian War?

A
  • Athens Democracy is more like a monarchy
  • Internal political conflict after Pericles’ death
41
Q

True or False

Our account of the Funeral Oration was written by Pericles himself.

A

FALSE

Thucydides was there and wrote it down how he remembered it after.

42
Q

Where was the mass grave pit for plague victims in Athens?

A

Keirameikos Cemetery

43
Q

Which Athenian admiral defeated a Spartan navy at Naupactus in 429 BC?

A

Phormio

(this is a sign of the superior Athenian navy)

44
Q

Who claimed victory in Phormio’s naval action in Naupactus in 429 BC?

A

The helots of Naupactus who helped the Athenians

45
Q

Where was the first use of siege equipment?

A
  • Used by the Spartans during the siege of Plataea
    429 BC- 427 BC
46
Q

Why don’t the Athenians help the Plateans when the Spartans besiege them?

A

Because Athens is dealing with the Plague back home

47
Q

After they surrendered to the Spartans, what was the fate of the Plataeans?

A
  • All Platean prissoners are executed
  • Women and children sold into slavery
  • The city is given to the Thebans (who hated the plateans)
  • The Thebans raise the city to the ground
48
Q

What occurs during the trial of the Plateans after the siege?

A
  • King Archidamus of Sparta asks the Plateans what they had done for Sparta
  • Plateans said they fought valiantly in the Persian Wars
  • Plateans begged not to have the Thebans take them over
49
Q

Where was the capriciousness of Athenian democracy shown best?

A

The Revolt of Mytilene 428 BC

  • Mytilene revolts against Athens
  • Cleon says kill all Mytelenians
  • But, assembly changed their minds the next day
  • They send a ship to race to Mytilene to prevent the slaughter (they arrive barely on time)
50
Q

Where did Spartans seemignly surrender for the first time?

A

Pylos (the island of Sphacteria)

  • Cleon (with no military knowledge) masterfully pins the Spartans on the small island of Sphacteria and blockades them
  • A spartan campfire accidentaly burns all trees, giving away their cover
  • For weeks, Athenian archers on boats picked them off one by one
  • The 292 (120 of them spartiates) Spartans SURRENDER
51
Q

When does Athens refuse the first Spartan peace offer?

A

425 BC

52
Q

How many times did Athens refuse Spartan peace offers in the Peloponnesian War?

A

3 times

53
Q

What was the name of the pro-Spartan leader in the Athenian colony of Amphipolis that took over the city with the help of Spartan troops?

A

Brasidas

(he dies later in the battle but is worshipped as a hero)

54
Q

What Athenian general is sent to deal with the situation in Amphipolis?

A

Thucydides (yes the historian)

55
Q

How does Thucydides’ command go?

A

Very Poorly

  • Thucydides arrives far too late, and is SACKED from command
56
Q

Which Athenian general is sent to replace Thucydides?

A

Cleon
(he dies in this battle)

57
Q

Why does Thucydides hate Cleon?

A

Because Cleon was a commoner who worked his way up

58
Q

Despite hating him, what good quality did Thucydides attribute Cleon?

A

Honour (death in battle)

59
Q

Who does Alcibiades decide to pick on for his own glory?

A

Melos

60
Q

Explain Melos’ neutrality

A
  • Melos had very distant ancestral links to Sparta, and gave them 3 oxen a year for a common sacrifice.
  • BUT, the Melians are NOT allies with Sparta, NOR Athens. They are firmly neutral.
61
Q

The Melian dialogue is a dialogue between ……..

A

Alcibiades and the Melians

62
Q

Summarize the Melian dialogue

A
  • Alcibiades says either pay Athens tribute or be destroyed
  • Melians say there is no need to destroy us we are neutral
  • Alcibiades says THE STRONG DO WHAT THEY CAN, AND THE WEAK SUFFER WHAT THEY MUST\
63
Q

What is Alcibiades’ super famous quote from the Melian dialogue?

A

The strong do what they can, the weak suffer what they must.

64
Q

What is the fate of Melos?

A

Athens besieges it and slaughters all the men and sells the women and children into slavery

65
Q

Who does Thucydides use as an image of what is wrong with Athens?

A

Alcibiades

66
Q

The First Peloponnesian War is often known as…..

A

The Archidamian War (after the Spartan king who started it)

67
Q

Who initiated the First Peloponnesian War?

A

King Archidamus of Sparta

GREEK (12 decks)

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