Week 3 Flashcards
What was the name of a colonization effort’s leader?
Oikistes
True or False
Many Oikistes were worshipped as gods after death
TRUE
What is Cyrene’s mother city?
Thera
Why do the Therans colonize Cyrene?
Because there is drought back home in Thera
How were the colonists chosen for Cyrene?
By lottery
Who is chosen as Oikistes to colonize Cyrene?
Battos
How did Cyrene become rich?
Selling Silphium (a plant)
True or False
Colonies were fully independent
FALSE
What were relations like between colonists and natives?
- Sometimes hostile
- Sometimes amicable
Greek settlers in modern day Ukraine “go native” and become the __________ tribe.
Gelonoi
True or False:
Intermarriage between colonists and natives was encouraged in order to bolster population rates
FALSE
Intermarriage did happen, but was for sure not encouraged
At which treasury in Delphi depict hoplites as giants?
Siphinian Treasury
Why didn’t elites fight a lot during the hoplite revolution?
- Because they wanted to stand out, and you couldn’t do that if you fought in a phalanx of united anonymous citizens
How does Hesiod complain about the Basileus?
- He says they take bribes
Who first used the term “Tyranny”?
Archilochus
What did the term “Tyranny” originally mean?
Wealth, power, popular support
Why did the Spartans try to extinguish Tyranny everywhere?
- Because the Spartans loved stability and Tyrannies were born from instability
- Also, Spartans didn’t like people standing out too much
Who was the FIRST Tyrant?
Pheidon of Argos
At which battle did Pheidon defeat the Spartans?
Hysai
What is Pheidon known for?
Taking over Olympia
After Pheidon, who controlled Olympia?
The city state of Elis
Which dynasty had the LONGEST Tyranny?
Orthagorid (Sicyon)
Which tyrant HATED the Argives?
Kleisthenes of Sikyon
How long did the Orthagorid dynasty last?
over 100 years
What caused the 1st Sacred War?
- The city state of Kherra raided and robbed pilgrims on their way to Delphi
How did the 1st Sacred War end?
The Amphiktionic League besieged and destroyed Kherra
Who founded the Amphictyonic League?
Kleisthenes of Sikyon
(against the Kherrans)
Which dynasty formed a golden age in Corinth?
Kypselids
Who was the highly repressive and violent Kypselid tyrant?
Periander of Corinth
Which style pottery was excellent and took the market by storm?
Proto-Corinthian pottery (burgundy and cream colour)
Explain Late proto-Corinthian pottery
- Due to the market success of the earlier proto-Corinthian style, they try to mass produce this one, so the quality starts to decrease
What did Theagenes of Megara do to gain power?
He slaughtered all the sheep herds of the aristocrats
Which harsh tyrranical dynasty ruled over Mytilene?
Penthelidai
Who helped Polykrates of Samos into power?
Lygdamis of Naxos
Who kills Polykrates?
The Persian Satrap Oreotes
Where was the first Thallassocracy of Ancient Greece?
Samos
Which tyrannical dynasty ruled over Syracuse?
Deinomenids
How did Tyrants typically win public support?
- Building projects (often with confiscated money of aristocrats)
- Promise of reform for the mesoi
The Spartans claimed to be descended from __________
Herakles
What did the Spartans consider themselves as?
Herakladai
Where, by legend, is the ancestral homeland of the Spartans?
Doris (hence Dorians)
What was the name of half-citizen Spartans?
Periokoi
What was Sparta’s central river?
Eurotas
(forming the Eurotas valley
What is the mountain in between Sparta and Messenia?
Taygetos
When did the Spartans take over the Messenians?
700s BC
Originally, Sparta was a centre of ___________ and ___________ production.
Metalworking and Bronze
Sparta had a school of ___________
Pottery
True or False
Poets used to travel to Sparta to write there
TRUE
Who said Sparta’s physical appearance was underwhelming due to the fact that there were no great buildings/temples?
Thucydides
Which war does Tyrtaios write about?
The Messenian War
Why was the Italian Spartan colony of Taras founded?
- Because, when the Spartan soldiers were away fighting in Messenia, the Perioikoi they left behind all had children with the women
- Now they have a bunch of half-blood children that they don’t know what to do with
- Solution? Dump them all in Taras
What does Alkman write about?
Sensual hymns for girls choirs
Why was Alkman forgotten about, but Tyrtaios remembered in later sources ?
Because Tyrtaios’ writings better fit the Roman agenda
What are the 6 sources on Sparta?
- Tyrtaios
- Alkman
- Herodotus
- Thucydides
- Xenophon
- Plutarch
Who created the Spartan myth?
Xenophon
What was the name of Lycurgus’ constitution?
The Great Rhetra
What did the Lycurgan constitution consist of?
- 2 kings (hereditary, lifetime office)
- 5 ephors (age 30+)
- 30 gerousia (age 60 +)
- apella (age 30+)
What was the role of the apella?
- To reject or approve ephors proposals
What was the name for full Spartiates?
homoioi
What are the 4 classes of ancient sources on Sparta?
Class 1: Spartans on Sparta (just 2 ppl. Alkman and Tyrtaios)
Class 2: Non Spartans before 371 BC Herodotus)
Class 3: non-Spartans, 371-221 BC (Aristotle)
Class 4: non-Spartans after 221 BC (Plutarch)
What was the Agogai system composed of?
Age 7-12 → boys leave home to be trained in herds. Rivalry at temple of Artemis Orthia each year
Age 12-20 → Preliminary military service as epheboi in the later years of the range
Age 20-30 → (hebintes) marriage but continue living with the other soldiers
Ages 30+ → full citizenship
