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GREEK > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of a colonization effort’s leader?

A

Oikistes

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2
Q

True or False

Many Oikistes were worshipped as gods after death

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What is Cyrene’s mother city?

A

Thera

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4
Q

Why do the Therans colonize Cyrene?

A

Because there is drought back home in Thera

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5
Q

How were the colonists chosen for Cyrene?

A

By lottery

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6
Q

Who is chosen as Oikistes to colonize Cyrene?

A

Battos

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7
Q

How did Cyrene become rich?

A

Selling Silphium (a plant)

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8
Q

True or False

Colonies were fully independent

A

FALSE

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9
Q

What were relations like between colonists and natives?

A
  • Sometimes hostile
  • Sometimes amicable
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10
Q

Greek settlers in modern day Ukraine “go native” and become the __________ tribe.

A

Gelonoi

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11
Q

True or False:

Intermarriage between colonists and natives was encouraged in order to bolster population rates

A

FALSE

Intermarriage did happen, but was for sure not encouraged

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12
Q

At which treasury in Delphi depict hoplites as giants?

A

Siphinian Treasury

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13
Q

Why didn’t elites fight a lot during the hoplite revolution?

A
  • Because they wanted to stand out, and you couldn’t do that if you fought in a phalanx of united anonymous citizens
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14
Q

How does Hesiod complain about the Basileus?

A
  • He says they take bribes
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15
Q

Who first used the term “Tyranny”?

A

Archilochus

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16
Q

What did the term “Tyranny” originally mean?

A

Wealth, power, popular support

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17
Q

Why did the Spartans try to extinguish Tyranny everywhere?

A
  • Because the Spartans loved stability and Tyrannies were born from instability
  • Also, Spartans didn’t like people standing out too much
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18
Q

Who was the FIRST Tyrant?

A

Pheidon of Argos

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19
Q

At which battle did Pheidon defeat the Spartans?

A

Hysai

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20
Q

What is Pheidon known for?

A

Taking over Olympia

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21
Q

After Pheidon, who controlled Olympia?

A

The city state of Elis

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22
Q

Which dynasty had the LONGEST Tyranny?

A

Orthagorid (Sicyon)

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23
Q

Which tyrant HATED the Argives?

A

Kleisthenes of Sikyon

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24
Q

How long did the Orthagorid dynasty last?

A

over 100 years

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25
What caused the 1st Sacred War?
- The city state of Kherra raided and robbed pilgrims on their way to Delphi
26
How did the 1st Sacred War end?
The Amphiktionic League besieged and destroyed Kherra
27
Who founded the Amphictyonic League?
Kleisthenes of Sikyon (against the Kherrans)
28
Which dynasty formed a golden age in Corinth?
Kypselids
29
Who was the highly repressive and violent Kypselid tyrant?
Periander of Corinth
30
Which style pottery was excellent and took the market by storm?
Proto-Corinthian pottery (burgundy and cream colour)
31
Explain Late proto-Corinthian pottery
- Due to the market success of the earlier proto-Corinthian style, they try to mass produce this one, so the quality starts to decrease
32
What did Theagenes of Megara do to gain power?
He slaughtered all the sheep herds of the aristocrats
33
Which harsh tyrranical dynasty ruled over Mytilene?
Penthelidai
34
Who helped Polykrates of Samos into power?
Lygdamis of Naxos
35
Who kills Polykrates?
The Persian Satrap Oreotes
36
Where was the first Thallassocracy of Ancient Greece?
Samos
37
Which tyrannical dynasty ruled over Syracuse?
Deinomenids
38
How did Tyrants typically win public support?
- Building projects (often with confiscated money of aristocrats) - Promise of reform for the mesoi
39
The Spartans claimed to be descended from __________
Herakles
40
What did the Spartans consider themselves as?
Herakladai
41
Where, by legend, is the ancestral homeland of the Spartans?
Doris (hence Dorians)
42
What was the name of half-citizen Spartans?
Periokoi
43
What was Sparta's central river?
Eurotas (forming the Eurotas valley
44
What is the mountain in between Sparta and Messenia?
Taygetos
45
When did the Spartans take over the Messenians?
700s BC
46
Originally, Sparta was a centre of ___________ and ___________ production.
Metalworking and Bronze
47
Sparta had a school of ___________
Pottery
48
True or False Poets used to travel to Sparta to write there
TRUE
49
Who said Sparta's physical appearance was underwhelming due to the fact that there were no great buildings/temples?
Thucydides
50
Which war does Tyrtaios write about?
The Messenian War
51
Why was the Italian Spartan colony of Taras founded?
- Because, when the Spartan soldiers were away fighting in Messenia, the Perioikoi they left behind all had children with the women - Now they have a bunch of half-blood children that they don't know what to do with - Solution? Dump them all in Taras
52
What does Alkman write about?
Sensual hymns for girls choirs
53
Why was Alkman forgotten about, but Tyrtaios remembered in later sources ?
Because Tyrtaios' writings better fit the Roman agenda
54
What are the 6 sources on Sparta?
- Tyrtaios - Alkman - Herodotus - Thucydides - Xenophon - Plutarch
55
Who created the Spartan myth?
Xenophon
56
What was the name of Lycurgus' constitution?
The Great Rhetra
57
What did the Lycurgan constitution consist of?
- 2 kings (hereditary, lifetime office) - 5 ephors (age 30+) - 30 gerousia (age 60 +) - apella (age 30+)
58
What was the role of the apella?
- To reject or approve ephors proposals
59
What was the name for full Spartiates?
homoioi
60
What are the 4 classes of ancient sources on Sparta?
Class 1: Spartans on Sparta (just 2 ppl. Alkman and Tyrtaios) Class 2: Non Spartans before 371 BC Herodotus) Class 3: non-Spartans, 371-221 BC (Aristotle) Class 4: non-Spartans after 221 BC (Plutarch)
61
What was the Agogai system composed of?
Age 7-12 → boys leave home to be trained in herds. Rivalry at temple of Artemis Orthia each year Age 12-20 → Preliminary military service as epheboi in the later years of the range Age 20-30 → (hebintes) marriage but continue living with the other soldiers Ages 30+ → full citizenship

GREEK (12 decks)

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