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GREEK > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of a colonization effort’s leader?

A

Oikistes

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2
Q

True or False

Many Oikistes were worshipped as gods after death

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What is Cyrene’s mother city?

A

Thera

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4
Q

Why do the Therans colonize Cyrene?

A

Because there is drought back home in Thera

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5
Q

How were the colonists chosen for Cyrene?

A

By lottery

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6
Q

Who is chosen as Oikistes to colonize Cyrene?

A

Battos

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7
Q

How did Cyrene become rich?

A

Selling Silphium (a plant)

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8
Q

True or False

Colonies were fully independent

A

FALSE

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9
Q

What were relations like between colonists and natives?

A
  • Sometimes hostile
  • Sometimes amicable
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10
Q

Greek settlers in modern day Ukraine “go native” and become the __________ tribe.

A

Gelonoi

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11
Q

True or False:

Intermarriage between colonists and natives was encouraged in order to bolster population rates

A

FALSE

Intermarriage did happen, but was for sure not encouraged

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12
Q

At which treasury in Delphi depict hoplites as giants?

A

Siphinian Treasury

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13
Q

Why didn’t elites fight a lot during the hoplite revolution?

A
  • Because they wanted to stand out, and you couldn’t do that if you fought in a phalanx of united anonymous citizens
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14
Q

How does Hesiod complain about the Basileus?

A
  • He says they take bribes
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15
Q

Who first used the term “Tyranny”?

A

Archilochus

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16
Q

What did the term “Tyranny” originally mean?

A

Wealth, power, popular support

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17
Q

Why did the Spartans try to extinguish Tyranny everywhere?

A
  • Because the Spartans loved stability and Tyrannies were born from instability
  • Also, Spartans didn’t like people standing out too much
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18
Q

Who was the FIRST Tyrant?

A

Pheidon of Argos

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19
Q

At which battle did Pheidon defeat the Spartans?

A

Hysai

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20
Q

What is Pheidon known for?

A

Taking over Olympia

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21
Q

After Pheidon, who controlled Olympia?

A

The city state of Elis

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22
Q

Which dynasty had the LONGEST Tyranny?

A

Orthagorid (Sicyon)

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23
Q

Which tyrant HATED the Argives?

A

Kleisthenes of Sikyon

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24
Q

How long did the Orthagorid dynasty last?

A

over 100 years

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25
Q

What caused the 1st Sacred War?

A
  • The city state of Kherra raided and robbed pilgrims on their way to Delphi
26
Q

How did the 1st Sacred War end?

A

The Amphiktionic League besieged and destroyed Kherra

27
Q

Who founded the Amphictyonic League?

A

Kleisthenes of Sikyon

(against the Kherrans)

28
Q

Which dynasty formed a golden age in Corinth?

A

Kypselids

29
Q

Who was the highly repressive and violent Kypselid tyrant?

A

Periander of Corinth

30
Q

Which style pottery was excellent and took the market by storm?

A

Proto-Corinthian pottery (burgundy and cream colour)

31
Q

Explain Late proto-Corinthian pottery

A
  • Due to the market success of the earlier proto-Corinthian style, they try to mass produce this one, so the quality starts to decrease
32
Q

What did Theagenes of Megara do to gain power?

A

He slaughtered all the sheep herds of the aristocrats

33
Q

Which harsh tyrranical dynasty ruled over Mytilene?

A

Penthelidai

34
Q

Who helped Polykrates of Samos into power?

A

Lygdamis of Naxos

35
Q

Who kills Polykrates?

A

The Persian Satrap Oreotes

36
Q

Where was the first Thallassocracy of Ancient Greece?

A

Samos

37
Q

Which tyrannical dynasty ruled over Syracuse?

A

Deinomenids

38
Q

How did Tyrants typically win public support?

A
  • Building projects (often with confiscated money of aristocrats)
  • Promise of reform for the mesoi
39
Q

The Spartans claimed to be descended from __________

A

Herakles

40
Q

What did the Spartans consider themselves as?

A

Herakladai

41
Q

Where, by legend, is the ancestral homeland of the Spartans?

A

Doris (hence Dorians)

42
Q

What was the name of half-citizen Spartans?

A

Periokoi

43
Q

What was Sparta’s central river?

A

Eurotas

(forming the Eurotas valley

44
Q

What is the mountain in between Sparta and Messenia?

A

Taygetos

45
Q

When did the Spartans take over the Messenians?

A

700s BC

46
Q

Originally, Sparta was a centre of ___________ and ___________ production.

A

Metalworking and Bronze

47
Q

Sparta had a school of ___________

A

Pottery

48
Q

True or False

Poets used to travel to Sparta to write there

A

TRUE

49
Q

Who said Sparta’s physical appearance was underwhelming due to the fact that there were no great buildings/temples?

A

Thucydides

50
Q

Which war does Tyrtaios write about?

A

The Messenian War

51
Q

Why was the Italian Spartan colony of Taras founded?

A
  • Because, when the Spartan soldiers were away fighting in Messenia, the Perioikoi they left behind all had children with the women
  • Now they have a bunch of half-blood children that they don’t know what to do with
  • Solution? Dump them all in Taras
52
Q

What does Alkman write about?

A

Sensual hymns for girls choirs

53
Q

Why was Alkman forgotten about, but Tyrtaios remembered in later sources ?

A

Because Tyrtaios’ writings better fit the Roman agenda

54
Q

What are the 6 sources on Sparta?

A
  • Tyrtaios
  • Alkman
  • Herodotus
  • Thucydides
  • Xenophon
  • Plutarch
55
Q

Who created the Spartan myth?

A

Xenophon

56
Q

What was the name of Lycurgus’ constitution?

A

The Great Rhetra

57
Q

What did the Lycurgan constitution consist of?

A
  • 2 kings (hereditary, lifetime office)
  • 5 ephors (age 30+)
  • 30 gerousia (age 60 +)
  • apella (age 30+)
58
Q

What was the role of the apella?

A
  • To reject or approve ephors proposals
59
Q

What was the name for full Spartiates?

A

homoioi

60
Q

What are the 4 classes of ancient sources on Sparta?

A

Class 1: Spartans on Sparta (just 2 ppl. Alkman and Tyrtaios)

Class 2: Non Spartans before 371 BC Herodotus)

Class 3: non-Spartans, 371-221 BC (Aristotle)

Class 4: non-Spartans after 221 BC (Plutarch)

61
Q

What was the Agogai system composed of?

A

Age 7-12 → boys leave home to be trained in herds. Rivalry at temple of Artemis Orthia each year

Age 12-20 → Preliminary military service as epheboi in the later years of the range

Age 20-30 → (hebintes) marriage but continue living with the other soldiers

Ages 30+ → full citizenship

GREEK (12 decks)

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