Week 7: End of Persian Wars and Aftermath Flashcards
In what year was the battle of Plataea?
479 BC
What happened at the Battle of Plataea?
The Greeks started to fall back in a disorganized manner due to their supply lines getting disrupted. The Persians under Mardonius thought it was a full retreat, so attacked en masse. The Greeks ended up winning by the end.
What was the last sea battle of the Persian wars?
Mykale (greek victory)
What 3 things does the Oath of the Greeks (479 BC) promise?
- To bury all Greeks killed in battle
- To not destroy any of the Medizing Greeks after victory, but to impose monetary fines on them instead
- To not rebuild any of the shrines destroyed by the Persians
Before which battle did the allies declare the Oath of the Greeks in 479 BC?
Plataea
What does the serpent statue, the “Tripod of the Plataeans” represent?
All the Greeks who fought the Persians at Plataea.
True or False:
Themistokles was only half-Athenian.
TRUE
His mother was either from Thrace or Caria.
Why did Themistokles oppose Sparta’s blacklisting of formerly pro-Persian states?
Because Themistokles wanted to gain support for the Delian League.
Who ostracized Themistokles?
Cimon and his supporters
Where does Themistokles flee once ostracized?
Persia!
(they welcome him surprisingly as well)
Who wanted all non-Athenian ships to be burned after Salamis?
Themistokles
(Why? To maintain Athens naval superiority)
How did Themistokles trick the Spartans after the Persian Wars?
- Themistokles wanted to rebuild and enlarge Athens walls after being sacked by the Persians.
- But, Spartans didn’t like walls and thus wanted a say in the matter
- So, Themistokles went to Sparta to negotiate, but said to wait until the other Athenian ambassadors could arrive. (so that the walls could be already built by the time of negotiations)
- When news arrived to Sparta about the walls, Themistokles told them to see for themselves that it was only a rumour, and send ambassadors to Athens
- Secretly, Themistokles told Athens to detain the Spartan envoys
-Athens then flattered the Spartan guests
What were Themistokles’ 4 main tricks?
- Tricks at Salamis
- Tries to burn all non-Athenian ships after Salamis
- Tricks Spartans to bide time to build their walls
- Opposes Sparta’s blacklisting of formerly medizing states
Who was the first state who wanted to back-out from the Delian League?
Naxos
After crushing the revolt in Naxos, what did Athens do?
Confiscated land from locals and imposed a cleruchy.
Why did the Naxos revolt fail?
Because Naxos chose to contribute money to the Delian league, NOT ships. So, they didn’t have a navy
After fleeing to Persia, where did Themistokles settle?
Magnesia. (He kind-of became tyrant there)
What was the last battle between Greeks and Persians until Alexander?
Battle of the Eurymedon River
(Greeks chasing the Persians out of Ionia after Persian Wars)
What rebellious silver mining city does Athens crush and establish Amphipolis near?
Thassos
What volcano erupted, causing a helot rebellion in Messenia?
Mount Ithome
In what year did Mount Ithome erupt?
455 BC
Where does Athens settle the surviving helots after the revolt was crushed by Sparta?
Naupactus
(this gives Athens a friendly port to Italy)
Explain the Naupactus debacle
- Mount Ithome eruption causes helot revolt in Messenia
- Spartans call Athenians to help
- But, realizing this wasn’t a good idea, they sent the Athenians home
- Athens was greatly insulted, so they did all they could to help the helots just to piss Sparta off
- So, after the Spartans finally suppressed the helot revolt, Athens settled the surviving rebel leaders at Naupactus, under Athenian protection.
Why did Athens conflict with Thassos?
Over claim of the silver mining near Thassos.
What major Delian League constituent revolted in 440 BC?
Samos
Why did Samos revolt?
A pro-Persian oligarchy overthrows the pro-Athenian democracy and tries to leave the Delian League.
What is the first time Athens had to borrow money for a war?
Samian Revolt 440 BC
What is Samos’ punishment after the revolt is suppressed?
Samians have to repay Athens for the war’s expenses
(This is wayyy less harsh of a punishment than the other cities)
After the Persian Wars, who led the Hellenic-League army chasing the Persians out?
Pausanias (Spartan regent)
What is Pausanias accused of?
Conspiring with the Persians
Who takes over command of the Hellenic League army?
Cimon of Athens
(son of miltiades)
How did Cimon get so rich?
By selling Persian prisoners back for ransom
What did Cimon do with the plunder from Eurymedon River?
He sent it to Athens to be spent on building the Long Walls.
What does the Peace of Callias state?
- Makes Persia promise to never invade Greece again and to never set foot onto the Aegean.
What renders the Hellenic League irrelevant?
The Peace of Callias
(because the Persian threat is no more)
Which one of Cimon’s political rivals called him back to Athens in acknowledgement of his military skill?
Pericles
Why did Pericles hate Cimon?
Because Pericles distrusted the lower class, and Cimon was a populist.
Which political leader gets Athens involved in the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC?
Pericles
True or False:
Pericles was a super talented public speaker.
TRUE
Which statesman instated Citizenship laws stating that all perks and privileges of citizenship should be reserved only for full blood Athenians?
Ephialtes
What is the name for the 50 years between the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War?
Pentekontaetaea
What 3 Delian League states had their own navies?
- Chios
- Lesbos
- Samos
When were the Long Walls built?
460-440 BC
Which 2 expeditions immediately after the Persian Wars are great disasters for Athens?
- Egypt
- Cyprus
In what year was the Delian League treasury moved from Delos to Athens?
454 BC
What was the Congress Decree?
The decree initiating the Acropolis building program, thus disregarding the earlier Oath of the Greeks.
When did the Acropolis building project begin?
450 BC
Each Polis in the Delian League had to pay 1/__th of their annual income to Athens.
1/60th
What caused the 2nd Sacred War?
Sparta took Delphi from the Phocians, and made it an independent state.
What was the result of the 2nd Sacred War?
As soon as the Spartans left, Pericles took Delphi back and handed it back to the pro-Athenian Phocians.
When did the 1st Peloponnesian War begin?
460 BC
What peace ended the First Peloponnesian War?
The Thirty Years Peace (446 BC)
What was the central agreement of the Thirty Years Peace?
NON-INTERFERENCE CLAUSE
AKA: Don’t mess with each other’s allies
What was the Coinage Decree in Athens?
- Declared that anyone who minted coins of non-Athenian weight standards, they would be punished.
- Athens forces all Delian League allies hand in their currency to be converted into Athenian wright standards
What was the name of Athen’s mint?
Agryokopeilon
True or False:
Athens was the only state with its own mintshop.
TRUE
Who purged and weakened the Aeropagos Council?
Ephialtes
Who said that Democracy is versatile, but lacks long term ambition?
Plato
With what 4 social programs did Athens pay the demos?
- Jury pay
- Assembly pay
- Council pay
- Theatre pay
In what building did the Athenian assembly make all their decisions?
The Pnyx
When was the FIRST ostracism?
487 BC
Where was the sacred fire held?
Tholos
Where did the emergency committee reside?
The Bouleterion
What was the water timekeeper in law courts called?
Klepsydra
What were the ballot spindles in court called?
Psephoi
What gift did Athena give to Athens?
An Olive Tree
What was the name of the Athenian athletic games?
The Panathenaic games
Bonus:
What was the name of the type of tunic Athena wore?
Peplos
