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GREEK > Week 10: Peloponnesian War Pt. II > Flashcards

Week 10: Peloponnesian War Pt. II Flashcards

1
Q

Why don’t Ancient Greek historians really talk about money?

A
  • Thinking about money is considered low class
  • And most ancient Greek historians were aristocrats so they didnt think about something low class
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2
Q

What art style emerges in Athens during the Peloponnesian War?

A

High Classical Style

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3
Q

High Classical Art emphasized _________ over ________.

A

Idealism over Realism

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4
Q

What is the most defining feature of High Classical Art?

A

Humans and Gods look the same

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5
Q

Why did High Classical Art emphasize Idealism over Realism?

A
  • Because the world was in disarray with this war, idealism served as escapism
  • OR, it’s Athenian propaganda stating that Athenians are equivalent to gods
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6
Q

Who suggested that humans made Gods in their own image rather than the other way around?

A

Sophocles

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7
Q

Sophocles said the only thing separating humans from gods is _______.

A

death

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8
Q

What did the poet Pindar say humans were in his Pythian Ode?

A

“Creatures of a day”

(i.e in some instances man is temporarily immortal, like the glory of winning the Olympics for instance)

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9
Q

What is the word for aristocratic beauty/excellence? (ex. chivalry basically)

A

Kalokagathia

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10
Q

Why did the Classical sculptor choose idealizing?

A
  • To evoke Kalokagathia
  • Interest in the relation between human and divine
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11
Q

What ancient Greek sculpture style looks like later romanticism era pieces?

A

Rich Style

(all sculptures look really alive)

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12
Q

How did people portray themselves as godlike in sculptures?

A

By not looking at the viewer

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13
Q

In what year did sculptures begin to look at the viewer?

A

400 BC

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14
Q

Where do we get the word Apocalypse from?

A

Apocalypse is the word for an Athenian woman unveiling herself

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15
Q

What begins to become a financial burden for Athens once the war begins?

A

It’s social programs

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16
Q

What peace temporarily halted the Peloponnesian war in 421 BC?

A

The Peace of Nicias

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17
Q

In what year was the Peace of Nicias signed?

A

421 BC

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18
Q

What were the terms for the Peace of Nicias?

A
  • 50 year peace
  • Both sides must give back ALL captured cities and POW’s
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19
Q

What was the problem with the Peace of Nicias’ terms?

A
  • Sparta cannot give Amphipolis back (because its inhabitants were super pro-Spartan)
  • Many of Sparta’s allies REFUSED to sign
  • The treaty prohibited war between Sparta and Athens, BUT NOT THEIR ALLIES
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20
Q

Who feels left our of the Peace of Nicias?

A

Alcibiades

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21
Q

Which peace did Alcibiades feel left out from, prompting him to pick on Melos for recognition?

A

Peace of Nicias

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22
Q

Which Sicilian polis appealed to Athens for help in 415 BC?

A

Egesta

(for help in their war against Selinos)

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23
Q

Why is Alcibiades called back on his way to the Sicilian expedition?

A

For trial on accusations against him for the defiling of the Hermes statues

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24
Q

How many Athenian POWs perish in the Syracusan quarry?

A

7000

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25
Q

Where did Alcibiades flee upon being summoned for his trial of sacrilege in Athens?

A

Sparta

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26
Q

Which 2 Athenian generals were executed by the Syracusans?

A

Demosthenes and Nicias

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27
Q

Where do the Spartans set up a fort near Athens?

A

Dekeleia

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28
Q

Who advised the Spartans to set up a fort in Dekeleia?

A

Alcibiades

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29
Q

What was Athens’ big healing sanctuary?

A

Asklepeion

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30
Q

Healing cults become increasingly popular in the ______ centuries.

A

late 5th and 4th centuries BC

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31
Q

What was the most famous healing sanctuary of the Ancient world?

A

The Sanctuary of Asklepios, Epidauros

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32
Q

Which foreign god had a shrine in the Sanctuary of Asklepios in Epidauros?

A

Isis

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33
Q

Who was the first person to have a portrait of himself on a coin?

A

Tissaphernes
(Persian satrap of Lydia)

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34
Q

Who brings Persia into the Peloponnesian War?

A

Tissaphernes

35
Q

What causes the oligarchic coup of 411 BC in Athens?

A
  • Tissaphernes says Persia will give great riches to Athens if they topple their democracy
  • So, democracy is toppled
36
Q

What political body is set up during the coup of 411 BC in Athens?

A

The Council of the 400

37
Q

Who is Tissaphernes’ messenger?

A

Alcibiades

38
Q

How does the coup fail?

A

The Athenian fleet returns to Athens, blockades their own city, and executes the members of the 400

39
Q

What is the effect of the coup of 411 BC?

A
  • Athens manages to reinstall democracy, BUT, they feel greatly weakened
40
Q

Who gave Persian money to Sparta to build a fleet?

A

Tissaphernes

41
Q

True or False

As soon as Sparta receives money from Persia to build a fleet, they begin to turn the tide in numerous naval victories.

A

FALSE

Despite receiving money from the Persians for a fleet, the Spartans lose 2 naval battles against the Athenians.

42
Q

What causes Sparta to sue for peace for a 2nd time?

A

They got all this money for a navy and still lose naval battles to the Athenians.

(But the Athenians refuse the peace again)

43
Q

Which Persian Prince teams up with Lysander and increases Persian funding for Sparta?

A

Cyrus the younger

44
Q

What is a mothax?

A

A half-blooded Spartan

45
Q

True or False

Lysander was a mothax

A

TRUE

(his mother was a helot)

46
Q

How is Alcibiades treated when he finally returns to Athens after helping the Spartans and the Persians?

A

Amazingly

The Athenians, for some reason, still love him. They see him as a great hope.

47
Q

True or False:

Athens even promotes Alcibiades as Strategoi upon returning from Sparta and Persia?

A

TRUE

Somehow

48
Q

In what naval battle did the newly promoted Alcibiades lose miserably to the Spartan fleet?

A

The Battle of Notium 406 BC

(Athens kicks Alcibiades out again after this)

49
Q

What event caused Athens to melt down the Athena Nike statue to fund more triremes?

A
  • Lysander’s blockading of the Athenian fleet at Mytilene
50
Q

After which Athenian naval victory where Athenian admirals were put to death for not saving survivors in a subsequent storm?

A

Arginusae

51
Q

True or False

After executing the admirals, the Athenian assembly changed their minds, and executed the members who voted for the executions in the first place.

A

TRUE!

52
Q

After which battle does Sparta sue for peace a THIRD TIME?

A

Arginusae

53
Q

Which Athenian statesman refuses the final Spartan peace offer after Arginusae?

A

Kleophon

54
Q

What was the final Athenian naval disaster of the war?

A

Aegospotami

55
Q

Why might the Spartans have lost the war if it continued for any longer?

A

Because shortly after the war, Darius II dies, and the Anti-Greek Artaxerxes comes into power, and refuses to fund the Spartans or any Greeks

56
Q

What political body do the Spartans install in Athens after her defeat?

A

The 30 Tyrants

57
Q

After defeat, Athens fleet is reduced to ______ ships.

A

12

58
Q

Who was the most violent and extreme member of the 30 Tyrants?

A

Critias

59
Q

Who was the more moderate member of the 30 Tyrants?

A

Theramenes

60
Q

Why does Critias accuse Theramenes of treason?

A
  • Because Theramenes criticized Critias for establishing his power by force, which will only turn the people against him
61
Q

In the trial, what did Critias label Theramenes as?

A

“The Slipper” (meaning he can fit on either foot)

(aka Theramenes is weak and treacherous)

62
Q

Before being executed, what did Theramenes say?

A
  • Theramenes took his execution with honour and humour
  • He also said to the observers “do something about this now, for it is me today, and you tommorow”
63
Q

Why does Xenophon say it is better to be a “slipper?

A
  • Because extremists don’t give room for compromise OR even supporters
64
Q

What did Lysander abolish in Athens?

A

People’s courts (dikasteria)

65
Q

What was Lysanders new constitution imposed in Athens?

A
  • 5 ephors to oversee boule
  • Anti-Democratic boule of 500
  • 30 Tyrants have all the power
66
Q

Lysander establishes ___________ in captured former Delian League allied states.

A

decarchies

67
Q

Where do the Democratic Athenian exiles flee when the 30 Tyrants are installed?

A

Thebes

68
Q

What Athenian politician do the Athenian democratic exiles gather under in Thebes?

A

Thrasybulus

69
Q

What did the Amnesty Decree of 403 BC say?

A
  • Democracy is to be restored
  • Nobody is to be held liable for things they did under the 30 Tyrants
  • Forgive and Forget
70
Q

On what 2 charges is Socrates forced to commit suicide?

A
  • Impeity
  • Corrupting the youth
71
Q

When does Socrates commit suicide?

A

399 BC

72
Q

Who brings back democracy to Athens?

A

Thrasybulus

73
Q

Which Spartan king is kicked out on the assumption that he is Alcibiades’ son?

A

Leotychidas

74
Q

True or False:

Lysander had plans to create a single monarchial elected kingship before he died.

A

TRUE

75
Q

Who is the old school Spartan king that went through the agogai system himself?

A

Agiselaos

76
Q

Who calls in Xenophon’s 10 000?

A

Prince Cyrus wants to overthrow his brother Artaxerxes so he calls in Xenophon’s 10 000 for help.

77
Q

Xenophon made it all the way into modern day _______

A

Iraq

78
Q

Which Spartan king invaded Asia Minor?

A

Agiselaos

79
Q

Which war puts Athens back on its feet?

A

The Corinthian War

80
Q

What is the name for the unsuccessful conspiracy to overthrow the Spartan system?

A

The Kinadon Conspiracy

81
Q

What does the Kinadon conspiracy tell us?

A
  • There is discontent in Sparta
  • Kinadon was a “failed Spartan” who never made it past the agogai system
  • He united all the similar discontented people within Sparta
82
Q

Which Theban leader overthrew the Spartan garrisons in Thebes?

A

Pelopidas

83
Q

What made the Thebans grow strong?

A
  • The Spartan kept attacking and harassing Thebes so much that each time, they got more and more fighting experience and knowledge.
84
Q

Which notable admiral was executed following the Arginusae trials?

A

Pericles the Younger

GREEK (12 decks)

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