Week 8: Pentakontaetaea Flashcards
What did Pericles’ law of 451 BC say?
- A person had to have 2 citizen parents in order to be considered an Athenian citizen
How was Pericles’ law of 451 BC his way of sidelining his political opposition?
Because his big political rivals, Themistokles and Cimon both were only half-blooded Athenians!
(Themistokles’ mother was either Thracian or Carian and Cimon’s mother was a Thracian princess!)
What was the only city in Boeotia that were pro-Athenian?
Plataea
In what year is Plataea destroyed by Sparta?
427 BC
Which Athenian statesman gave full Athenian citizenship to all Plateans after Sparta destroyed the city in 427 BC?
Hippokrates
True or False
One needed a witness to bear testament to their entry into a Tribe or Phratre.
TRUE
How did most wealthy Greeks show off through public programs?
Liturgies
What is the Liturgy system?
The richest members of the state voluntarily financed the state with their personal wealth (in exchange for status)
(Ex. to be a patron of a theatre )
What was a Trierarch?
The title for a “master of a trireme” that many aristocrats bought through the liturgy.
True or False
During the Pentakontatia, Athens is the richest state in the world.
TRUE
Who was Pericles’ main opponent in his Acropolis building program?
Thucydides son of Melesias (not the historian)
Which Athenian statesman initiated social programs and payments to the public?
Pericles
What were Pericles’ significant social programs? (3)
- Juries are paid
- The Handicapped are given a pension
- Purchases theatre tickets for the poorer public
Where did people keep coins as a safe place while walking around?
Under their tongue
What portion of Athenian society were slaves?
1/3rd
Roughly how many people inhabited Athens?
315 500
What percentage of people actually ruled the state of Athens?
14%
What are 4 inequalities and exigencies of Metics?
- NO political rights
- Could NOT own land
- HAD to pay taxes
- HAD to serve in army
If metics couldn’t own land, how did they make money?
They worked largely in banking and handy work
- Bankers
- Artisans
- Vendors
True or False:
You could not tell the physical difference between a citizen, metic, or slave.
TRUE
They all dressed according to their wealth, which was more often quite similar. Or, a slave could have a rich owner who gives him very fancy clothes, thus, looking like a rich man.
Why did oligarchs complain that you couldn’t tell the physical difference between a slave or a citizen?
- Because oligarchs want to stand out
- Also, they could converse with a slave without even knowing it (a fate worse than death for many oligarchs)
Who did the 30 Tyrants notably pick on?
Metics
What type of loans did many Metics specialize in?
Maritime loans
What were maritime loans?
- A merchant would go to a metic banker for a loan to equip a ship to set out to sea in order to trade
- When you got back, you paid the loan and it’s interest rate back to the banker
What was the name for loans given with NO interest fees out of the goodness of the loaner’s heart?
Eranos
Who was the richest banker in Piraeus?
Pasion (a metic)
How many Drachmae was the average loan?
2250 drachma
What were the 5 main Banking services?
- Introduction to possible creditors
- Safe storage for money
- Loans
- Currency exchange
- Testing of coinage (for authenticity)
Which court dealt with disputes pertaining to Maritime Commerce?
Dikai Emporikai
What was the interest rate for maritime loans?
13-30%
Why was maritime loan interest so high?
- Because of the danger of maritime commerce
- If the ship sunk, the loan was lifted and not needed to be paid back. So, interest fees were the metics ways of ensuring they still get money even if the ship sinks.
How much was the average maritime loan?
3000 drachms
Which famous Athenian orator often took the sides of Metic maritime loan bankers in court disputes?
Demosthenes
True or False
Athens was a slave state.
TRUE
True or False
There was a racialized minority as slaves.
FALSE
By what century is enslaving fellow Greeks seen as wrong in Athens?
4th century BC
Why did slaves tend to be non-Greeks?
Because enslaving fellow Greeks was thought to be wrong by the 4th c. BC
What was the name for a household slave?
Oiketai
What was the name for public slaves?
Demosoi
What were the 4 main types of slaves in Athens?
- Oiketai
- Demosoi
- Agrarian
- Laurion Mine slaves
Roughly, how many slaves lived in Athens?
80 000 to 100 000
On what condition did many owners free their slaves?
On the condition that the freed-person gives 20% of his future business profit to the owner.
Who said, “Before you get a wife, get a slave”?
Hesiod
True or False:
Pretty much anybody could afford a slave.
TRUE
They had wide varying prices for different needs and accommodations.
Which Athenian general purchased 1000 slaves to lease out to the silver mines at Laurion?
Nicias
What was an example of demosoi in Athens?
The 1000 Scythians armed with whips as a polic force.
Who in the household would manage a housekeeping slave?
The wife
True or False
Only slaves could be tortured during a trial.
TRUE
True or False:
An owner murdering his slave was illegal.
TRUE
Why were slaves prohibited from having homosexual relationships?
They were seen as too dirty and someone else’s property.
What did Socrates recommend for punishing slaves?
Corrective punishment
What was the Mining district in Athens?
(Laurion was found here)
Thorikos
In the 5th c. BC how many slaves worked at the Laurion Mines?
20 000
In the 4th c. BC how many slaves worked at the Laurion Mines?
10 000
What was the name of the (thought to be) only woman to own a silver workshop?
Euthydike of Eleusis
What is the name for an heiress after her husband’s death?
Epikleros
A woman divorcing could receive a dowry only if ____________
The husband’s divorce was wrong
How is Pandora a misogynistic mythological story?
- Infers that since Pandora opened the box releasing all harm into the world, women are responsible for all bad things in the world.
What did Hesiod say about trusting women?
“Those who trusts women trust thieves”
What did Pericles say a “good woman” was in his Funeral Oration?
- A woman who is hardly seen, never talked about and rarely speaks.
Who was Pericles’ mistress?
Aspasia
Why did Pericles love Aspasia?
For her wisdom and political awareness
Upon hearing of which Athenian military disaster, did Athenian women stab the messenger to death with dress pins?
The Athenian disaster at Aegina
What 4 types of inscriptional evidence do we have on women?
- Epitaphs
- Marriage records
- Dedications
- Graffiti on personal possessions
What is the name of the Athenian law code, guaranteeing rights to the wife if the husband’s divorce is wrong?
The Gortyn Law Code
What does the Gortyn Law Code say?
- If the Wife is wrong, the husband pays
- If the Husband is wrong, the wife pays
What does the Gortyn Law Code guarantee for women?
She gets to keep the stuff she made in the event of a divorce
Women could not go to court. What did they do instead?
Get a male representative (like a brother, husband, etc.)
What were women who cheated on their husbands forced to do by law?
Divorce their husbands
What were the 2 household duties of women?
- Oikonomia
- Bearing legitimate children
What work does Socrates advise women to do?
Textile manufacturing from home (cottage industry)
What was the prostitution capital of Ancient Greece?
Corinth
(had sex tourism)
True or False
Prostitution is seen as necessary and a good thing in Athens.
TRUE
(They even tried to pass state funded prostitution in a law once)
Which prostitute does Demosthenes prosecute for her extortion scheme with her husband?
Neara
What was Neara’s extortion scheme?
- Neara would entertain a customer
- Then, midway, her accomplice, a man named Stephanos, barged in pretending to be her husband
- He would then demand a large payment from the client as blackmail.
Where was the girls only sanctuary?
Sanctuary of Artemis in Brauron
What is the defining feature of the Arkteia festival celebration?
The assets of women who died in childbirth are offered at the temple there.
Where was the girl’s only gymnasion what young Arkteia cult girls lived in seasonally?
Brauron
What is the only gymnasium known for women?
Brauron
What were Delian League tribute payments called?
Phoros
