Week 9 - cognitive development Flashcards
What is the source of development?
NATURE AND NURTURE
give examples of Gene X Environment
PASSIVE: Parents do not only provide their children’s genotypes by also their rearing environment (e.g. perfect pitch + exposure to music)
EVOCATIVE: Individuals’ genotype influence the responses they receive from others (e.g. highly social babies recieve more social attention)
ACTIVE: Genetic differences lead to selecting different environments (e.g. novelty seeking children expose themselves to richer enviornments)
what does quantitative and qualitative mean in development
Quantitative: continuous
Qualitative: discontinuous
What is a longitudinal design?
Studying one group repeatedly over time
e.g. recruiting and testing a group of children when they are in year 1, then later in year 3, and then in year 5
What is a cross-sectional design
studying groups that represent a cross section of the population
e.g. recruiting and testing year 1s, years 3s, and year 5s from the same school
What is PREFERENTIAL LOOKING
the length of time an infant looks at an object can be used to infer what she/he can understand about the world.
- by presenting two imagines to an infant and seeing if one attracts more interest we can asses:
1. what she/he likes to look at i.e. preference
2. what can be discriminated
What is habituation
Infants look at novel things: looking decreases when images repeated
- how long it takes them to habituate is a measure of loving
Newborns have a preference of face-like patterns. What did Turati et al. (2002) find?
Found that they have a preference for vertical assymetry in pattern arangement.
e.g. more blobs in the top > bottom of the visual field
Whay proves individual differences in face orienting?
Higher similarity in viewing social scenes between identical (MZ) than non-identical (DZ) twins.
How is face processing in atypical development: AUTISM
Initially LONGER LOOKING AT EYES in infants that later develop autism.
