Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Week 9 ch 49 > Flashcards

Week 9 ch 49 Flashcards

Somatic sensations II. Pain, headache, thermal sensations

1
Q

Fast pain examples

A

sharp, prickling, acute, electric feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Slow pain examples

A

burning, aching, throbbing, nauseous, chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of nociceptors

A
  1. mechanical
  2. thermal
  3. chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fast pain nociceptors:

A

Mechanical, thermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Slow pain nociceptors:

A

Mechanical, thermal, chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemicals that do NOT cause AP (examples and what they do)

A
  1. prostaglandins
  2. substance P

enhance sensitivity but do not excite (do not cause action potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pain receptors and adaptation

A

do not adapt, excitation becomes progressively greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tissue damage does what

A

activates nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pain correlates with

A

rate at which damage to the tissue is occuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tissue ischemia and pain correltaion

A

greater rate of metabolism, more rapidly pain appears

i.e. blood pressure cuff on still arm or exercising forearem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pain and metabolism correlation

A

more metabolic tissue = more pain from ischemia

i.e. muscle spasm: muscle spasm causes compression of blood vessels and causes ischemia, muscle spasm is a high rate of metabolism in that muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fast pain pathway fibers:

A

A delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Slow pain pathway fibers;

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fast sharp pain signals are elicited by

A

mechanical or thermal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sudden painful stimulus gives pain sensation on what fibers?

A

A delta AND C
(“double” pain sensation)

i.e glucose prick = sharp, then dull throbbing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pain fibers terminate on

A

relay nuerons in DORSAL HORNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fast pain signals take the ___ pathway

A

neospinothalmic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Slow pain fibers take the ____ pathway

A

Paleospinothalmic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fast pain fibers terminate in

A

lamina I of the dorsal horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2nd order neurons in the fast pain pathway terminate in

A
  1. brain stem
  2. ventrobasal complex (in thalamus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What neurotransmitter is at type A delta pain nerve fiber endings?

A

glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type C fibers are transmitted via thw

A

paleospinothalmic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Type C pain fibers terminate in

A

spinal cord laminae II and III (substantia gelatinosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type C pain fibers cause release of

A

substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Slow, chronic paleospinothalmic pathway terminates in

A

brainstem

26
Q

Pain still felt without cerebral cortex =

A

lower brain centers cause conscious perception of pain

27
Q

Cordotomy

A

surgical interruption of thoracic region of spinal cord

28
Q

Built in analgesia system

A
  1. neurons send signals to lower pons and medulla
  2. second order neurons transmit to inhibitory complex in dorsal horns

3.Nervous system secretes opiate-like substances

29
Q

Neurtotransmitters in pain suppression/built in analgesia system: (examples and role)

A
  1. enkephalin
  2. serotonin

role: pre and post synaptic inhibition of type C and A delta pain fibers

30
Q

opiate-like substances secreted by nervous system at end of pain supression pathway:

A

endorphins
enkephalin byproducts
dynorphin

31
Q

What depresses transmission of pain signals?

A

Tactile stimulation of large type A beta sensory fibers

i.e. rubbing a painful spot
i.e. pressing/pinching an area before a stick

32
Q

Mechanism of referred pain

A

Visceral pain fibers synapse on teh same second-order neurons that receive pain signals from the skin

33
Q

Examples of diffuse stimulation of pain nerve endings(4):

A
  1. ischemia
  2. chemical stimuli
  3. Spasm
  4. Overdistention
34
Q

Insenstive viscera (2):

A
  1. parenchyma of the liver
  2. alveoli of the lungs
35
Q

Parietal pain (definintion and cause)

A

Friction form membranes rubbing together

often from inflammation

36
Q

Parietal pain areas

A

Peritoneiuum, leura, pericardium

37
Q

Visceral pain is localized

A

poorly, localized to dermatomal segment from where visceral organ originated

38
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

hypersensitivity to pain

39
Q

Primary hyperalgesia

A

excessive sensitivty of receptors

40
Q

Secondary hyperalgesia

A

additional neurons firing to move neuron towards AP (facilitation of transmission)

41
Q

Herpes zoster is an infection of

A

dorsal root ganglion

42
Q

Herpes zoster pain in

A

dermatomal segment affected

43
Q

Pan in herpes zoster thought to be from

A

infection of pain neuronal cells

44
Q

Tic douloureux is

A

trigenimal neuraglia

45
Q

Tic Doulreux presentation

A

Sudden severe pain on one side of face - set off by very sensitive trigger areas (mechanoreceptive)

requires surgical treatment

46
Q

Brown-sequard syndrome

A

Spinal cord transected on one side

weaknessor paralysis on same side of transection

loss of pain, heat, and cold sensation on oposite side of body

47
Q

Intracranial Headache MOA (3)

A
  1. tugging of venous sinuses around brain –>damage tentorium –> stretching of dura
  2. traumatizing stimulus to blood vessels of meninges
48
Q

pain receptors in cerebral vault above tentorium cause

A

front half of head pain

49
Q

pain receptors located below tentorium cause

A

occipital head pain

50
Q

Headache types of intracranial origin:

A
  1. meningitis inflammation
  2. low CSF fluid pressure
  3. MIgraine
  4. alcohol headaches
51
Q

Migraine MOA

A

vasospasm of arteries of head = ischemia to meninges

52
Q

Extracranial headache types:

A
  1. Muscle spasm
  2. Nasal
  3. Eye disorders
53
Q

Muscle spasm HA MOA

A

Emotion tension causes muscles of head to become spastic

54
Q

Nasal HA MOA

A

infection or irritative process (HA behind eyes)

55
Q

Eye disorder HA MOA (2)

A

excessive contraction of eye ciliary muscles trying to focus eyes

Excessive irradiation (sun or welder)

56
Q

Types of thermal receptors (4)

A
  1. Cold - pain
  2. Cold - receptors
  3. Warmth receptors
  4. Heat - pain
57
Q

Cold receptor nerve is

A

Type A delta (myelinated)

58
Q

thermal sensations travel

A

up anterolateral pathway

59
Q

Thermal sensation - how?

A

gradation determined by degree of stimulation of different type of nerve endings

60
Q

Thermal sensation adaptation

A

cold receptors are fast to adapt but never completely

61
Q

Temp signals terminate in

A

laminae I, II, III of dorsal horn—>brain stem and thalamus

Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions