Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Week 2: ch 2-3 > Flashcards

Week 2: ch 2-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Rough ER

A

forms proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Smooth ER

A

forms lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ER enzyme functions

A
  1. make enzymes that control glycogen breakdown
  2. Enzymes for detoxification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Processes substances from Endoplamic reticulum

Synthesizes carbohydrates

Concentrates secretions for send off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Generates ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kreb’s cycle (basic steps)

A
  1. Carbs –> glucose
    Proteins –> Amino acids
    Fats –> fatty acids
  2. Glucose, AA and FA are processed into acetyl-CoA
  3. AcetylCoA reacts with 02 to produce ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kreb’s yields ___ molecules of ATP per ___ molecule of glucose

A

38 per 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell locomotion (filaments)

A

Intermediate filaments mainly. made of actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cilia occur in

A

Human airway and fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each cilium is comprised of

A

11 microtubules (the anaxome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cilium is

A

an outgrowth of the basal body covered by outcropping of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cillia movement

A

Continual endocytosis at tail and exocytosis at the leading edge of pseudopodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Attachment of pseudopodium facilitated by

A

receptor proteins that bind via interaction of actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ciliia movement guidance

A

Move towards higher concentration of chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins are the link between

A

genotype and phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA is read from

A

5’ to 3’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transcription

A

DNA –> mRNA

18
Q

Transcription occurs in

A

Nucleus

19
Q

Translation

A

mRNA–>AA chain/polypeptide (protein formation)

20
Q

Translation occurs in

A

Ribosome in the cytoplasm

21
Q

Gene expression is

A

the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

22
Q

Template strand

A

strand of DNA that provides triplet code

always the same strand for a given gene (may be opposite strand for a different gene)

23
Q

Codons

A

mRNA base triplets

24
Q

Base pairs DNA–RNA

A

T–>A
A–>U
G—>C
C—>G

25
Q

RNA synthesis is catalyzed by

A

RNA polymerase (pries DNA strand apart and joins nucleotides together)

26
Q

Promotor

A

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attatches. Signal start point

27
Q

Transcription Unit

A

stretch of DNA that is transcribed

28
Q

Transcription factors

A

guide binding of RNA polymerase and initiation
“OK we need to make this now”

29
Q

Transcription initiation complex

A

complete assembly of:
1.transcription factors
2. RNA polymerase bound to promotor

30
Q

TATA box

A

forms initiation complex (initiates transcription)

31
Q

RNA splicing

A

removes introns

32
Q

Exons

A

usually expressed and translated into amino acid sequences

33
Q

transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

transfers AAs to growing polypeptide in ribosome

34
Q

tRNA MOA

A

has amino acid on one end and anticodon on the other. Each anticodon base pairs with complementary codon on mRNA

35
Q

ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)

A

make up ribosomal subunits (large and small)

36
Q

Ribosome P site

A

holds tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain

37
Q

Ribosome A site

A

holsd tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain

38
Q

Ribosomal E site

A

exit site where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome

39
Q

3 stages of translation (building a polypeptide)

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation
  3. termination
40
Q

methionine

A

AA carried by initiator tRNA

41
Q

Ribosomal translation initiation

A
  1. Initiator tRNA carries methionine (signaled for by start codon AUG)
  2. Small ribosomal subunit binds with mRNA and initiator tRNA
  3. small subunit moves along mRNA util it reaches the start codon (AUG)
    4.Initiation factors bring in large ribosomal subunit
42
Q

Translation termination

A

Stop codon in mRNA reaches A site–>A site accepts protein called a release factor (causes addition of water instead of AA)

Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions