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Physiology > Week 9 Ch. 48 > Flashcards

Week 9 Ch. 48 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic senses classification (3)

A

Mechanoreceptive
Thermorecepive
Pain sense

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2
Q

Exteroreceptive sensation

A

surface of body

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3
Q

Proprioceptive sensation

A

physical state: position, tendon, muscle, pressure, equilibirum

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4
Q

Visceral sensation

A

internal organs

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5
Q

Deep sensations

A

faciae, muscles, bones
(deep pressure, main and vibrations)

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6
Q

Mechanoreceptors detect

A

Touch, pressure, vibration

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7
Q

Free nerve ending receptor (what they detect and location)

A

Location: Skin and many tissues
Detect: touch and pressure

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8
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles receptor (location and characteristics)

A

Location: Nonhairy parts of skin
Characteristics: elongated and encapsulated, large, myelinated, many. branching nerve filaments, adapt after stimulation

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9
Q

Expanded tip receptor (location and characteristics)

A

Location: hair parts of skin
Characteristics: strong initial signal, partially adapt and transmit a weaker signal

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10
Q

Merkel’s disks form

A

Iggo dome receptor

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11
Q

Merkel’s discs receptor (Location, Characteristics and role)

A

Location: underside of skin epithelium

Role: Localizes sensations and determines texture

Characteristics: creates bump, extremely sensitive receptor

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12
Q

Hair end-organ receptor (Location and role)

A

Location: entwines base of a hair

Role: detects movement of objects on body surface at initial contact

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13
Q

Ruffini’s ending receptor ( location and role)

A

Location: Deep layers of skin and join capsules

Role: adopt slowly, continues states of tissue deformation

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14
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles (Location, role, characteristics)

A

Location: beneath skin and facial tissue

Role: rapid local compression of tissues

Characteristics: quickly adapt to tissue vibrations or changes to mechanical state of tissues

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15
Q

Type Abeta (Ab) nerve fibers characteristics

A

Fast (large and myelinated)

detect precise localization, intensity, rapid changes

(think marker on finger tip in lab)

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16
Q

Small Type A gamma nerve characteristics and what they detect

A

Detect pressure, a little slower. Location not precise

(think back of neck with marker point lab)

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17
Q

Type C fibers speed and what they detect

A

unmyelinated, slow

Poorly localized, detect touch and tickle

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18
Q

Vibration sensation - what receptors are involved?

A

-all tactile receptors

-Pacinian corpuscles detect high frequency

-Meissner’s corpuscles detect low frequency

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19
Q

Tickle and itch sensation - what receptors are involved?

A

-highly sensitive free nerve endings (in superficial layers of skin)

-Transmitted by type C

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20
Q

What are the 2 sensory pathways?

A
  1. Dorsal column aka Medial Lemniscal
  2. Anterolateral column
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21
Q

Dorsal column speed

A

fast - large diameter, heavily myelinated

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22
Q

Dorsal column pathway and spatial orentation

A

high spatial orientation

23
Q

Anterolateral pathway speed

A

Medium: small but myelinated

24
Q

Anterolateral pathway and spatial orientation

A

Low spacial orientation

25
Q

Dorsal column sensations (6)

A
  1. High degree localization touch
  2. Touch requiring fine gradations of intensity
  3. phasic sensation (vibratory)
  4. Signal movement against skin (direction)
  5. Position sensation from joints
  6. Pressure r/t fine degrees of pressure intensity judgement
26
Q

Anterolateral system sensations (5)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Thermal
  3. Crude touch and pressure (not very localized)
  4. Tickle and itch
  5. Sexual sensations
27
Q

Dorsal column pathway

A

Dorsal column—>medulla (crosses over)–>thalmus

28
Q

Anterolateral system pathway

A

synapse in dorsal horns of cord–>anterior and lateral white columns of cord (crossover)–> lower brain stem and thalmus

29
Q

Dorsal column aka

A

medial lemniscal system

30
Q

Upon entry to medial lemniscal system, receptors:

A

divide into medial and lateral branch

31
Q

Possible medial lemniscal system pathways:

A
  1. Medial - up to brain
  2. Lateral - divides many times to synapse with local neurons
32
Q

Medial-lemniscal system - spatial preservation/distinction?

A

Spatial distinction

33
Q

Dessication

A

nerve crossover

34
Q

Which somatosensory area has a higher degree of localization, I or II?

A

I. Projection from area I are required for area II.

Removal of area II has no effect on area I

35
Q

anterior post-central gyrus column responsible for

A

muscle, tendon and joint stretch receptors

36
Q

Middle vertical columns post-central gyrus responsible for

A

slow adapting cutaneous receptors

37
Q

Posterior post centra gyrus columns responsible for

A

determining direction of stimulus (i.e moving across skin)

38
Q

Somatosensory area II is able to

A

localize crudely (not finely)

detect pain and temp in quality and intensity (but poor localization)

no shape, texture, critical degree of pressure change, weight

39
Q

Broadmann’s area 5 and 7 role

A

-decipher deeper meaning of sensory information

40
Q

divergence role

A

occurs at each synapse to amplify stimulus

41
Q

Lateral inhibition role

A

inhibitory signals for excited pathway. Purpose - avoid excitation traveling across to different pathways

42
Q

High frequency vibration sensors

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

43
Q

Low frequency vibration sensors

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

44
Q

Webner-Fechner principle role and explanation

A

Role: judgement of stimulus intensity

Explanation: Greater background stimulus = greater addition to detect change

i.e add 0.5# to 3# vs. to 100#

45
Q

Static sense

A

perception of orientation of different parts of the body

46
Q

Dynamic proprioception sense

A

rate of movement

47
Q

Position sensory receptors role

A

determine degree of angulation in all joints and planes

48
Q

Position sensory receptors used to determine position in space

A
  1. skin and deep receptors
  2. Muscle Spindles (motion)
  3. Pacinian corpuscles and ruffinis endings (stretch of of ligaments and tissues)
49
Q

What processes position?

A

Thalamic neuron stimulation

50
Q

Anterolateral pathway signals:

A

pain, heat, crude tactile, itch, sexual sensation

51
Q

Where do fibers cross in anterolateral pathway?

A

anterior commissure

52
Q

Thalmus retains the ability to

A

detect crude tactile sensibility

53
Q

Role of corticofugal transmission from cerebral cortex to lower sensory relay stations

A

-inhibitory
-decrease transmissin in relay nuclei
-.decrease lateral spread
- keeps sensory system operating in very low range of sensitivity

Physiology (13 decks)

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