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Physiology > Week 9 Ch. 48 > Flashcards

Week 9 Ch. 48 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic senses classification (3)

A

Mechanoreceptive
Thermorecepive
Pain sense

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2
Q

Exteroreceptive sensation

A

surface of body

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3
Q

Proprioceptive sensation

A

physical state: position, tendon, muscle, pressure, equilibirum

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4
Q

Visceral sensation

A

internal organs

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5
Q

Deep sensations

A

faciae, muscles, bones
(deep pressure, main and vibrations)

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6
Q

Mechanoreceptors detect

A

Touch, pressure, vibration

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7
Q

Free nerve ending receptor (what they detect and location)

A

Location: Skin and many tissues
Detect: touch and pressure

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8
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles receptor (location and characteristics)

A

Location: Nonhairy parts of skin
Characteristics: elongated and encapsulated, large, myelinated, many. branching nerve filaments, adapt after stimulation

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9
Q

Expanded tip receptor (location and characteristics)

A

Location: hair parts of skin
Characteristics: strong initial signal, partially adapt and transmit a weaker signal

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10
Q

Merkel’s disks form

A

Iggo dome receptor

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11
Q

Merkel’s discs receptor (Location, Characteristics and role)

A

Location: underside of skin epithelium

Role: Localizes sensations and determines texture

Characteristics: creates bump, extremely sensitive receptor

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12
Q

Hair end-organ receptor (Location and role)

A

Location: entwines base of a hair

Role: detects movement of objects on body surface at initial contact

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13
Q

Ruffini’s ending receptor ( location and role)

A

Location: Deep layers of skin and join capsules

Role: adopt slowly, continues states of tissue deformation

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14
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles (Location, role, characteristics)

A

Location: beneath skin and facial tissue

Role: rapid local compression of tissues

Characteristics: quickly adapt to tissue vibrations or changes to mechanical state of tissues

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15
Q

Type Abeta (Ab) nerve fibers characteristics

A

Fast (large and myelinated)

detect precise localization, intensity, rapid changes

(think marker on finger tip in lab)

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16
Q

Small Type A gamma nerve characteristics and what they detect

A

Detect pressure, a little slower. Location not precise

(think back of neck with marker point lab)

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17
Q

Type C fibers speed and what they detect

A

unmyelinated, slow

Poorly localized, detect touch and tickle

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18
Q

Vibration sensation - what receptors are involved?

A

-all tactile receptors

-Pacinian corpuscles detect high frequency

-Meissner’s corpuscles detect low frequency

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19
Q

Tickle and itch sensation - what receptors are involved?

A

-highly sensitive free nerve endings (in superficial layers of skin)

-Transmitted by type C

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20
Q

What are the 2 sensory pathways?

A
  1. Dorsal column aka Medial Lemniscal
  2. Anterolateral column
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21
Q

Dorsal column speed

A

fast - large diameter, heavily myelinated

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22
Q

Dorsal column pathway and spatial orentation

A

high spatial orientation

23
Q

Anterolateral pathway speed

A

Medium: small but myelinated

24
Q

Anterolateral pathway and spatial orientation

A

Low spacial orientation

25
Dorsal column sensations (6)
1. High degree localization touch 2. Touch requiring fine gradations of intensity 3. phasic sensation (vibratory) 4. Signal movement against skin (direction) 5. Position sensation from joints 6. Pressure r/t fine degrees of pressure intensity judgement
26
Anterolateral system sensations (5)
1. Pain 2. Thermal 3. Crude touch and pressure (not very localized) 4. Tickle and itch 5. Sexual sensations
27
Dorsal column pathway
Dorsal column--->medulla (crosses over)-->thalmus
28
Anterolateral system pathway
synapse in dorsal horns of cord-->anterior and lateral white columns of cord (crossover)--> lower brain stem and thalmus
29
Dorsal column aka
medial lemniscal system
30
Upon entry to medial lemniscal system, receptors:
divide into medial and lateral branch
31
Possible medial lemniscal system pathways:
1. Medial - up to brain 2. Lateral - divides many times to synapse with local neurons
32
Medial-lemniscal system - spatial preservation/distinction?
Spatial distinction
33
Dessication
nerve crossover
34
Which somatosensory area has a higher degree of localization, I or II?
I. Projection from area I are required for area II. Removal of area II has no effect on area I
35
anterior post-central gyrus column responsible for
muscle, tendon and joint stretch receptors
36
Middle vertical columns post-central gyrus responsible for
slow adapting cutaneous receptors
37
Posterior post centra gyrus columns responsible for
determining direction of stimulus (i.e moving across skin)
38
Somatosensory area II is able to
localize crudely (not finely) detect pain and temp in quality and intensity (but poor localization) no shape, texture, critical degree of pressure change, weight
39
Broadmann's area 5 and 7 role
-decipher deeper meaning of sensory information
40
divergence role
occurs at each synapse to amplify stimulus
41
Lateral inhibition role
inhibitory signals for excited pathway. Purpose - avoid excitation traveling across to different pathways
42
High frequency vibration sensors
Pacinian Corpuscles
43
Low frequency vibration sensors
Meissner's corpuscles
44
Webner-Fechner principle role and explanation
Role: judgement of stimulus intensity Explanation: Greater background stimulus = greater addition to detect change i.e add 0.5# to 3# vs. to 100#
45
Static sense
perception of orientation of different parts of the body
46
Dynamic proprioception sense
rate of movement
47
Position sensory receptors role
determine degree of angulation in all joints and planes
48
Position sensory receptors used to determine position in space
1. skin and deep receptors 2. Muscle Spindles (motion) 3. Pacinian corpuscles and ruffinis endings (stretch of of ligaments and tissues)
49
What processes position?
Thalamic neuron stimulation
50
Anterolateral pathway signals:
pain, heat, crude tactile, itch, sexual sensation
51
Where do fibers cross in anterolateral pathway?
anterior commissure
52
Thalmus retains the ability to
detect crude tactile sensibility
53
Role of corticofugal transmission from cerebral cortex to lower sensory relay stations
-inhibitory -decrease transmissin in relay nuclei -.decrease lateral spread - keeps sensory system operating in very low range of sensitivity

Physiology (13 decks)

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