Week 9 Flashcards
What are the 2 groups of spinal muscles
Craniocervical
Trunk
Functon of the spinal muscles (5)
Control posture stabilise axial skeleton protect spinal cord &internal organs move body as a whole fine mobility of head and neck
Innervation of the axial muscles
spinal nerve root 8C 12T 5L 5S 1Cx C1-C7 exit above spinal body c8 exits between 7 and T1 T1 and below exit inferior
what do the action of axial muscles depend on
relative degree of fixation or stabilisation at muscle attachment
What is bilateral activation
pure flexion & extension
Potential LF or axial rotation neutralised by opposing forces of contralateral muscles
What is unilateral activation
produces flexion or extension + some combination of LF & ipsilateral or contalteral rotation
- dependant upon type of coupling
What impact does gravity have
assists or resist movements
e.g. neck flexion in standing
Look at saladin for craniocervical muscles
Anterior lateral -sternocleidomastoid -scalenus anterior -scalenus medius -scalenus posterior -longus colli -longus capitus rectus capitus anterior rectus capitus lateralis
Posterior
- superficial
- -splenus cervicus
- -splenus capitus
-Deep
–Rectus capitus posterior major
–rectus capitus posterior minor
Obliquus capitus superior
Obliquus capitus inferior
Function of the craniocervical muscles
Stabilisation of craniocervical region
producing head and neck movements to optimise visual auditory and olfactory systems
what are the two types of whiplash
Craniocervical retraction
Cervical hyperextension
What structures are at risk with whiplash
Retraction
-anterior longitudinal ligament
Hyperextension
- alar ligaments - esp if head is rotated
- excessive strain of flexor muscles - longus colli and longus capitis
- compress z joints + posterior Cx spine elements
What occurs with a longus colli strain
upper trapezius loses stable cervical attachmen - difficulty shrugging shoulders
The sagittal plane torque potential of the sternocleidomastoid is influenced by what
posture
What affect does forward head posture have on SCM
nearly doubles flexion torque potential
Has greater flexion at mid to low Cx region +uppr Cx extension
- may cause poor posture
is clinically important for Cx pain
Funtion of the scalenes
raise ribs for inspiration when Cx spine is stabilised
Move Cx spine but limited moment arm for Cx flexion and bilateral & vertical stability of mid to low Cx spine (when rib is stabilised)
List the Posterior superficial (extrinsic) muscles of the trunk
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
List the Posterior intermediate (extrinsic) muscles of the trunk
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
List Posterior deep muscles of the trunk
Erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, ilicostalis
Transversospial group (semispinalis, multifidi, rotators)
short segmental group (interspinalis muscles, intertranversarius muscles)
List anterior-lateral muscles of the trunk
rectus abdominis
obliquus internus abdominis
Obliquus externus abdominis
Transverse abdominis
List additional muscles of the trunk
iliopsoas
quadratus lumborum
What vertebrae take the most load
L4/5 S1
proposed risk for LBP
manual handling lifting pushing/pulling extreme postures (forward flexion) cyclic loading (whole body vibration) sitting postures (in occ areas with no lifting or manual handling) work related psychological stress lifestyle factors
threshold limits lifting
loads > 25kg
lifting frequency > 25 lifts a day
