Week 6 Flashcards
Gait analysis considers what (7)
spatial & temporal descriptors Control of the body's centre of mass Joint kinematics Energy expenditure Muscle activity Walking kinetics Gait dysfunction
What are the three phases of walking
Development - initiation of movement
Rhythmic - locomotion part
Decay - termination
Gait analysis is the simple repetition of
foot picked up
moved forwards
placed down & walked over
What measurements is gait defined in
distance and time
General terminology of gait (4)
Heel strike/contact
initial contact
stride
step
Spatial descriptors (4)
Stride length
Step length
Step width
Foot angle
Temporal descriptors (3)
Cadence
Stride time
Step time
Spatial temporal descriptors
Walking speed
Define stride length
Distance between successive heel strike of same foot
Define step width
Distance between heel centres of 2 consecutive contacts (opposite feet)
Define step length
Distance between successive heel strike of opposite foot
Define foot angle (toe out)
Angle between line of progression of the body and long axis of foot
What is cadence
Number of steps per minute
What is stride time
Time for full gait cycle
What is step time
Time for step cycle i.e. completion of a L or R step
Pages to review
15,18,26,43
Females vs males
slower speed
shorter step
faster cadence
consistent even when anthropometrically matched
Walking gait stance vs swing phases
60% stance and 40% swing
When are both feet on the ground during gait cycle
0-10 and 50-60%
What to look for at hip during gait (frontal plane)
trendelenberg gait
hip hiking
cross over gait pattern
what to look for at the knee (frontal plane)
valgus knee position dynamially
what to look for at the foot during gait
excessive pronation or supination
what to look for at the pelvis (sagittal plane)
should move minimally
what to look for at 1st TMT (sagittal plane)
must demonstrate sl PF and DF
what to look for at 1st MTP
crucial to normal gait
reduced ROM approx. 45-55 degrees - considerable impact on foot function& gait
Foot function during gait
shock absorption adaptive to terrain mobilr strong rigid lever
mobile at the start
rigid at the end
Heel contact to foot flat stage
land on heel in slight subtalar supination
ST joint immediately pronates to bring foot flat to the ground
- IR tibia on femur - unlocks knee joint allows it flex
- calcaneal eversion
- Subtalar pronation
midstance stage
weight bearing stage
- closed kinetic chain
ST joint supination starts to occur
- associated with ER of tibia on leg
calcaneal inversion
subtalar supination
promotes stability in TT joint (locked ) and forefoot
Start of creating a rigid foot to allow for propulsion to occur
propulsion stage
subtalar joint supinates
ER, inversion, locks TT
ROM is minimised
Heel life causes windlass effect to occur
- DF of first MTP raises arch height – stretches deep plantar fascia
- heightens arch by shortening distance from heel to toe
- increases arch tenion - assists stabilising longitudinal arch
- -extremely important for gait propulsion
- —clinical impact of decrease ROM at 1st MTP
When does the transition from walking to running
approx. 180steps/min or 2.1-.2.2 m/sec
Decrease stance phase and increase swing phase
-double limb swing phase = float phase
Running effect on parameters
increase stride length
stride frequency higher
position of body’s COM is lower (vertical oscillation) an is closer to point of foot contact
ROM increased
difference between running and walking
running - muscular drive
walking - propulsive drive
