Week 6

Question 1

Gait analysis considers what (7)

Answer 1

spatial & temporal descriptors 
Control of the body's centre of mass
Joint kinematics
Energy expenditure
Muscle activity
Walking kinetics
Gait dysfunction

Question 2

What are the three phases of walking

Answer 2

Development - initiation of movement
Rhythmic - locomotion part
Decay - termination

Question 3

Gait analysis is the simple repetition of

Answer 3

foot picked up
moved forwards
placed down & walked over

Question 4

What measurements is gait defined in

Answer 4

distance and time

Question 5

General terminology of gait (4)

Answer 5

Heel strike/contact
initial contact
stride
step

Question 6

Spatial descriptors (4)

Answer 6

Stride length
Step length
Step width
Foot angle

Question 7

Temporal descriptors (3)

Answer 7

Cadence
Stride time
Step time

Question 8

Spatial temporal descriptors

Answer 8

Walking speed

Question 9

Define stride length

Answer 9

Distance between successive heel strike of same foot

Question 10

Define step width

Answer 10

Distance between heel centres of 2 consecutive contacts (opposite feet)

Question 11

Define step length

Answer 11

Distance between successive heel strike of opposite foot

Question 12

Define foot angle (toe out)

Answer 12

Angle between line of progression of the body and long axis of foot

Question 13

What is cadence

Answer 13

Number of steps per minute

Question 14

What is stride time

Answer 14

Time for full gait cycle

Question 15

What is step time

Answer 15

Time for step cycle i.e. completion of a L or R step

Question 16

Pages to review

Answer 16

15,18,26,43

Question 17

Females vs males

Answer 17

slower speed
shorter step
faster cadence
consistent even when anthropometrically matched

Question 18

Walking gait stance vs swing phases

Answer 18

60% stance and 40% swing

Question 19

When are both feet on the ground during gait cycle

Answer 19

0-10 and 50-60%

Question 20

What to look for at hip during gait (frontal plane)

Answer 20

trendelenberg gait
hip hiking
cross over gait pattern

Question 21

what to look for at the knee (frontal plane)

Answer 21

valgus knee position dynamially

Question 22

what to look for at the foot during gait

Answer 22

excessive pronation or supination

Question 23

what to look for at the pelvis (sagittal plane)

Answer 23

should move minimally

Question 24

what to look for at 1st TMT (sagittal plane)

Answer 24

must demonstrate sl PF and DF

Question 25

what to look for at 1st MTP

Answer 25

crucial to normal gait

reduced ROM approx. 45-55 degrees - considerable impact on foot function& gait

Question 26

Foot function during gait

Answer 26

shock absorption
adaptive to terrain 
mobilr 
strong
rigid lever

mobile at the start
rigid at the end

Question 27

Heel contact to foot flat stage

Answer 27

land on heel in slight subtalar supination

ST joint immediately pronates to bring foot flat to the ground

• IR tibia on femur - unlocks knee joint allows it flex
• calcaneal eversion
• Subtalar pronation

Question 28

midstance stage

Answer 28

weight bearing stage
- closed kinetic chain

ST joint supination starts to occur
- associated with ER of tibia on leg
calcaneal inversion
subtalar supination
promotes stability in TT joint (locked ) and forefoot
Start of creating a rigid foot to allow for propulsion to occur

Question 29

propulsion stage

Answer 29

subtalar joint supinates
ER, inversion, locks TT
ROM is minimised

Heel life causes windlass effect to occur

• DF of first MTP raises arch height – stretches deep plantar fascia
• • heightens arch by shortening distance from heel to toe
• increases arch tenion - assists stabilising longitudinal arch
• -extremely important for gait propulsion
• —clinical impact of decrease ROM at 1st MTP

Question 30

When does the transition from walking to running

Answer 30

approx. 180steps/min or 2.1-.2.2 m/sec

Decrease stance phase and increase swing phase

-double limb swing phase = float phase

Question 31

Running effect on parameters

Answer 31

increase stride length
stride frequency higher
position of body’s COM is lower (vertical oscillation) an is closer to point of foot contact
ROM increased

Question 32

difference between running and walking

Answer 32

running - muscular drive

walking - propulsive drive