Lower Limb Revision Flashcards
Iliacus Action
Flex thigh at hip (trunk fixed)
Flex trunk at hip (thigh fixed)
Iliacus Origin
Iliac crest and fossa
Superolateral region of the sacrum
anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments
Iliacus Insertion
Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur
Iliacus Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Psaos Major Action
Same as iliacus
Psoas Major Origin
Bodies and intervertebral discs of vertebrae T12-L5
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Psoas Major Insertion
Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur
Psoas Major Innervation
Anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves
TFL Action
Extends knee
Laterally rotates tibia
Aids in abduction and medial rotation of the femur
during standing - steadies pelvis on femoral head and steadies femoral condyles on tibia
TFL Origin
Iliac crest
anterior superior spine
deep surface of facia lata
TFL Insertion
Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band
TFL Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Maximus Action
Extends thigh at hip abducts thigh elevates trunk after stooping prevents trunk from pitching forward during walking anf running helps stabilise femur on tibia
Glute Max Origin
Posterior gluteal line of ilium, on posterior surface from iliac crest to posterior superior spine
coccyx
posterior surface of lower sacrum
aponeurosis of erector spinae
Glute Max Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band
Glute Max Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve
Glute Med and Min Action
abduct and medially rotate thigh
Glute Med and Min Origin
Most of the lateral surface of ilium between crest and acetabulum
Glute Med and Min Insertion
Greater Trochanter of femur
Glute Med and Min Innervation
Superior Gluteal nerve
Gemellus Superior Action
Laterally rotate thigh
abducts flexed thigh
SOmetimes absent
Gemellus Superior Origin
Ischial spine
Gemellus Superior Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur
Gemellus Superior Innervation
Nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus Inferior Action
Same as GS
Gemellus Inferior Origin
Ischial Tuberosity
Gemellus Inferior Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur
Gemellus Inferior Innervation
Nerve to Quadratus femoris
Obturator Externus Action
Thought to laterally rotate thigh in climbing
Obturator Externus Origin
External surface of obturator membrane
rami of pubis and ishium
Obturator Externus Insertion
Femur between head and greater trochanter
Obturator Externus Innervation
Obturator Nerve
Obturator Internus Action
thought to laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
Obturator Internus Origin
Ramus of ishium
inferior ramus of pubis
anteromedial surface of lesser pelvis
Piriformis Action
Laterally rotate extended thigh
abducts flexed thigh
Piriformis Origin
Anterior surface of sacrum
gluteal surface of ilium
capsule of sacroiliac joint
Piriformis Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur
Piriformis Innervation
Spinal nerves L5-S2
Quadratus Femoris Action
Laterally rotate thigh
Quadratus Femoris Origin
Ischial Tuberosity
Quadratus Femoris Insertion
Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Quadratus Femoris Innervation
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Adductor Brevis Action
Adducts thigh
Adductor Brevis Origin
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Adductor Brevis Insertion
Linea aspera and spiral line of femur
Adductor Brevis Innervation
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Longus Action
adducts and medially rotates thigh
flexes thigh at hip
Adductor Longus Origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
Adductor Longus Insertion
Linea Aspera of femur
Adductor Longus Innervation
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Magnus Action
Adducts and medially rotates thigh
extends thigh at hip
Adductor Magnus Origin
Inferior ramus of pubis
ramus tuberosity of ischium
Adductor Magnus Insertion
Linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
medial supracondylar line of femur
Adductor Magnus Innervation
Obturator nerve
tibial nerve
Gracilis Action
Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee
Gracilis Origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
ramus of ischium
Gracilis Insertion
Medial surface of tibia just below condyle
Gracilis innervation
Obturator nerve
Pectineus Action
flexes and adducts thigh
Pectineus Origin
Superior ramus of pubis
Pectineus Insertion
Spiral line of femur
Pectineus Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Obturator Internus Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur
Obturator Internus Innervation
nerve to obturator internus
Quadratus Femoris Action
Extends Knee
Quadratus Femoris Origin
Varies
Quadratus Femoris Insertion
Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyle of tibia
Quadratus Femoris Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Rectus Femoris Action
Extends knee
flexes thigh at hip
flexes trunk at hip if thigh is fixed
Rectus Femoris origin
ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum
capsule of hip joint
Rectus Femoris Insertion
Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Rectus femoris innervation
Femoral nerve
Vastus Lateralis Action
Extends knee
retains patella in groove on femur
Vastus Lateralis insertion
Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Vastus Lateralis Innervation
femoral nerve
Vastus Medialis Action
Extends knee
retains patella in groove of femur
Vastus Medialis Origin
femur at intertrochanteric line
spiral line
linea aspera
medial supracondylar line
Vastus Medialis insertion
Patella
Tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia
Vastus Medialis Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Vastus Intermedius Action
Extends Knee
Vastus Intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
Vastus Intermedius insertion
patella
tibial tuberosity
Vastus Intermedius Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Sartorius Action
aids in knee and hip flexion, as in sitting or climbing
abducts and laterally rotates thigh
Sartorius Origin
on and near anterior superior spine of ilium
Sartorius Insertion
Medial surface of proximal end of tibia
Sartorius Innervation
Femoral nerve
Vastus Lateralis Origin
Femur at greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspera
Biceps Femoris Action
Flexes knee
extends hip
elevates trunk from stooping position
laterally rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
laterally rotates femur when hip is extended
Biceps Femoris Origin
long head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Biceps Femoris Insertion
Head of fibula
Biceps Femoris Innervation
Tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
Semitendinosus Action
Flexes knee
medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
medially rotates femur when hip is extended
Semitendinosus Origin
Ischial tuberosity
Semitendinosus Insertion
Medial surface of upper tibia
Semitendinosus Innervation
Tibial Nerve
Semimembranosus Action
Flexes knee
medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
medially rotates femur when hip is extended
Semimembranosus Origin
Ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus Insertion
Medial condyle and nearby margin of tibia
intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur
ligament of popliteal region
Semimembranosus Innervation
Tibial
Popliteus Action
Rotates tibia medially on femur if femur is fixed
rotates femur laterally on tibia if tibia is fixed
unlocks knee to allow flexion
may prevent forward dislocation of femur during crouching
Popliteus Origin
Lateral condyle of femur
lateral meniscus and joint capsule
Popliteus Insertion
Posterior surface of upper tibia
Popliteus Innervation
Tibial nerve
Fibularis Tertius Action
Dorsiflexes and everts foot during walking
Fibularis Tertius origin
medial surface of lower one-third of fibula
interosseous membrane
Fibularis Tertius Insertion
Metatarsal V
Fibularis Tertius Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve
Extensor digitorum longus action
extends toes
dorsiflexes foot
tautens plantar aponeurosis
Extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia
shaft of fibula
interosseous membrane
Extensor digitorum longus insertion
middle and distal phalanges II-V
Extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep fibular nerve
Extensor Hallicis longus action
Extends great toe
dorsiflexes foot
Extensor Hallicis longus origin
anterior surface of middle of fibula, interosseous membrane
Extensor Hallicis longus insertion
distal phalanx I
Extensor Hallicis longus Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve
Tibialis Anterior Action
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
resists backward tipping of body
helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot
Tibialis Anterior origin
Lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal half of tibia
interosseous membrane
Tibialis Anterior insertion
Medial cuneiform
metatarsal 1
Tibialis Anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve
Gastrocnemius Action
Plantar flexes foot
flexes knee
Gastrocnemius origin
condyles
popliteal surface
lateral supracondylar line of femur
capsule of knee
Gastrocnemius Insertion
calcaneus
Gastrocnemius Innervation
Tibial Nerve
Soleus Action
Plantar flexes foot
Soleus origin
posterior surface of head and proximal one fourth of fibul
middle one third of tibia
interosseous membrane
Soleus insertion
calcaneus
Soleus Innervation
tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus Action
flexes phalanges of digits II-V as foot is raised from ground
stabilises metatarsal heads and keeps distal pads of toes in contact with ground in toe off and tiptoe movements
Flexor digitorum longus Origin
Posterior surface of tibial shaft
Flexor digitorum longus Insertion
distal phalanges II-V
Flexor digitorum longus Innervation
Tibial nerve
Flexor halluces longus action
same actions as flexor digitorum longus, but for great tow
Flexor halluces longus origin
Distal two thirds of fibula and interosseous membrane
Flexor halluces longus insertion
Distal phalanx I
Flexor halluces longus innervation
Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior Action
inverts foot, may assist in strong plantar flexion
Tibialis posterior Origin
Posterior surface of proximal half of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
Tibialis posterior Insertion
navicular
medial cuneiform
metatarsal II-V
Tibialis posterior Innervation
Tibial Nerve
Fibularis Brevis Action
Maintains concavity of sole during toe off and tiptoeing
may evert foot
Fibularis Brevis origin
Lateral surface of distal two thirds of fibula
Fibularis Brevis insertion
Base of metatarsal V
Fibularis Brevis innervation
superficial fibula nerve
Fibularis Longus Action
Maintains concavity of sole during toe off and tiptoeing
everts and plantar flexes foot
Fibularis Longus Origin
Head and lateral surface of proximal two thirds of fibula
Fibularis Longus insertion
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsal 1
Fibularis Longus innervation
Superficial fibular nerve