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Functional Anatomy > Lower Limb Revision > Flashcards

Lower Limb Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Iliacus Action

A

Flex thigh at hip (trunk fixed)

Flex trunk at hip (thigh fixed)

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2
Q

Iliacus Origin

A

Iliac crest and fossa
Superolateral region of the sacrum
anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments

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3
Q

Iliacus Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur

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4
Q

Iliacus Innervation

A

Femoral Nerve

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5
Q

Psaos Major Action

A

Same as iliacus

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6
Q

Psoas Major Origin

A

Bodies and intervertebral discs of vertebrae T12-L5

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

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7
Q

Psoas Major Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur

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8
Q

Psoas Major Innervation

A

Anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves

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9
Q

TFL Action

A

Extends knee
Laterally rotates tibia
Aids in abduction and medial rotation of the femur
during standing - steadies pelvis on femoral head and steadies femoral condyles on tibia

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10
Q

TFL Origin

A

Iliac crest
anterior superior spine
deep surface of facia lata

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11
Q

TFL Insertion

A

Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band

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12
Q

TFL Innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

Gluteus Maximus Action

A 
Extends thigh at hip
abducts thigh
elevates trunk after stooping
prevents trunk from pitching forward during walking anf running
helps stabilise femur on tibia
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14
Q

Glute Max Origin

A

Posterior gluteal line of ilium, on posterior surface from iliac crest to posterior superior spine
coccyx
posterior surface of lower sacrum
aponeurosis of erector spinae

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15
Q

Glute Max Insertion

A

Gluteal tuberosity of femur

lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band

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16
Q

Glute Max Innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

Glute Med and Min Action

A

abduct and medially rotate thigh

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18
Q

Glute Med and Min Origin

A

Most of the lateral surface of ilium between crest and acetabulum

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19
Q

Glute Med and Min Insertion

A

Greater Trochanter of femur

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20
Q

Glute Med and Min Innervation

A

Superior Gluteal nerve

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21
Q

Gemellus Superior Action

A

Laterally rotate thigh
abducts flexed thigh
SOmetimes absent

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22
Q

Gemellus Superior Origin

A

Ischial spine

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23
Q

Gemellus Superior Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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24
Q

Gemellus Superior Innervation

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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25
Q

Gemellus Inferior Action

A

Same as GS

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26
Q

Gemellus Inferior Origin

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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27
Q

Gemellus Inferior Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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28
Q

Gemellus Inferior Innervation

A

Nerve to Quadratus femoris

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29
Q

Obturator Externus Action

A

Thought to laterally rotate thigh in climbing

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30
Q

Obturator Externus Origin

A

External surface of obturator membrane

rami of pubis and ishium

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31
Q

Obturator Externus Insertion

A

Femur between head and greater trochanter

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32
Q

Obturator Externus Innervation

A

Obturator Nerve

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33
Q

Obturator Internus Action

A

thought to laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

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34
Q

Obturator Internus Origin

A

Ramus of ishium
inferior ramus of pubis
anteromedial surface of lesser pelvis

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35
Q

Piriformis Action

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh

abducts flexed thigh

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36
Q

Piriformis Origin

A

Anterior surface of sacrum
gluteal surface of ilium
capsule of sacroiliac joint

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37
Q

Piriformis Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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38
Q

Piriformis Innervation

A

Spinal nerves L5-S2

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39
Q

Quadratus Femoris Action

A

Laterally rotate thigh

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40
Q

Quadratus Femoris Origin

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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41
Q

Quadratus Femoris Insertion

A

Intertrochanteric crest of femur

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42
Q

Quadratus Femoris Innervation

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

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43
Q

Adductor Brevis Action

A

Adducts thigh

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44
Q

Adductor Brevis Origin

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

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45
Q

Adductor Brevis Insertion

A

Linea aspera and spiral line of femur

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46
Q

Adductor Brevis Innervation

A

Obturator Nerve

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47
Q

Adductor Longus Action

A

adducts and medially rotates thigh

flexes thigh at hip

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48
Q

Adductor Longus Origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

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49
Q

Adductor Longus Insertion

A

Linea Aspera of femur

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50
Q

Adductor Longus Innervation

A

Obturator Nerve

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51
Q

Adductor Magnus Action

A

Adducts and medially rotates thigh

extends thigh at hip

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52
Q

Adductor Magnus Origin

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

ramus tuberosity of ischium

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53
Q

Adductor Magnus Insertion

A

Linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
medial supracondylar line of femur

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54
Q

Adductor Magnus Innervation

A

Obturator nerve

tibial nerve

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55
Q

Gracilis Action

A

Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee

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56
Q

Gracilis Origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

ramus of ischium

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57
Q

Gracilis Insertion

A

Medial surface of tibia just below condyle

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58
Q

Gracilis innervation

A

Obturator nerve

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59
Q

Pectineus Action

A

flexes and adducts thigh

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60
Q

Pectineus Origin

A

Superior ramus of pubis

61
Q

Pectineus Insertion

A

Spiral line of femur

62
Q

Pectineus Innervation

A

Femoral Nerve

63
Q

Obturator Internus Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

64
Q

Obturator Internus Innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus

65
Q

Quadratus Femoris Action

A

Extends Knee

66
Q

Quadratus Femoris Origin

A

Varies

67
Q

Quadratus Femoris Insertion

A

Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyle of tibia

68
Q

Quadratus Femoris Innervation

A

Femoral Nerve

69
Q

Rectus Femoris Action

A

Extends knee
flexes thigh at hip
flexes trunk at hip if thigh is fixed

70
Q

Rectus Femoris origin

A

ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum
capsule of hip joint

71
Q

Rectus Femoris Insertion

A

Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia

72
Q

Rectus femoris innervation

A

Femoral nerve

73
Q

Vastus Lateralis Action

A

Extends knee

retains patella in groove on femur

74
Q

Vastus Lateralis insertion

A

Patella
tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia

75
Q

Vastus Lateralis Innervation

A

femoral nerve

76
Q

Vastus Medialis Action

A

Extends knee

retains patella in groove of femur

77
Q

Vastus Medialis Origin

A

femur at intertrochanteric line
spiral line
linea aspera
medial supracondylar line

78
Q

Vastus Medialis insertion

A

Patella
Tibial tuberosity
lateral and medial condyles of tibia

79
Q

Vastus Medialis Innervation

A

Femoral Nerve

80
Q

Vastus Intermedius Action

A

Extends Knee

81
Q

Vastus Intermedius origin

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft

82
Q

Vastus Intermedius insertion

A

patella

tibial tuberosity

83
Q

Vastus Intermedius Innervation

A

Femoral Nerve

84
Q

Sartorius Action

A

aids in knee and hip flexion, as in sitting or climbing

abducts and laterally rotates thigh

85
Q

Sartorius Origin

A

on and near anterior superior spine of ilium

86
Q

Sartorius Insertion

A

Medial surface of proximal end of tibia

87
Q

Sartorius Innervation

A

Femoral nerve

88
Q

Vastus Lateralis Origin

A

Femur at greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspera

89
Q

Biceps Femoris Action

A

Flexes knee
extends hip
elevates trunk from stooping position
laterally rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
laterally rotates femur when hip is extended

90
Q

Biceps Femoris Origin

A

long head- ischial tuberosity

Short head- linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

91
Q

Biceps Femoris Insertion

A

Head of fibula

92
Q

Biceps Femoris Innervation

A

Tibial nerve

common fibular nerve

93
Q

Semitendinosus Action

A

Flexes knee
medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
medially rotates femur when hip is extended

94
Q

Semitendinosus Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

95
Q

Semitendinosus Insertion

A

Medial surface of upper tibia

96
Q

Semitendinosus Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve

97
Q

Semimembranosus Action

A

Flexes knee
medially rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed
medially rotates femur when hip is extended

98
Q

Semimembranosus Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

99
Q

Semimembranosus Insertion

A

Medial condyle and nearby margin of tibia
intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur
ligament of popliteal region

100
Q

Semimembranosus Innervation

A

Tibial

101
Q

Popliteus Action

A

Rotates tibia medially on femur if femur is fixed
rotates femur laterally on tibia if tibia is fixed
unlocks knee to allow flexion
may prevent forward dislocation of femur during crouching

102
Q

Popliteus Origin

A

Lateral condyle of femur

lateral meniscus and joint capsule

103
Q

Popliteus Insertion

A

Posterior surface of upper tibia

104
Q

Popliteus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve

105
Q

Fibularis Tertius Action

A

Dorsiflexes and everts foot during walking

106
Q

Fibularis Tertius origin

A

medial surface of lower one-third of fibula

interosseous membrane

107
Q

Fibularis Tertius Insertion

A

Metatarsal V

108
Q

Fibularis Tertius Innervation

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

109
Q

Extensor digitorum longus action

A

extends toes
dorsiflexes foot
tautens plantar aponeurosis

110
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A

lateral condyle of tibia
shaft of fibula
interosseous membrane

111
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

middle and distal phalanges II-V

112
Q

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

113
Q

Extensor Hallicis longus action

A

Extends great toe

dorsiflexes foot

114
Q

Extensor Hallicis longus origin

A

anterior surface of middle of fibula, interosseous membrane

115
Q

Extensor Hallicis longus insertion

A

distal phalanx I

116
Q

Extensor Hallicis longus Innervation

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

117
Q

Tibialis Anterior Action

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
resists backward tipping of body
helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot

118
Q

Tibialis Anterior origin

A

Lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal half of tibia

interosseous membrane

119
Q

Tibialis Anterior insertion

A

Medial cuneiform

metatarsal 1

120
Q

Tibialis Anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

121
Q

Gastrocnemius Action

A

Plantar flexes foot

flexes knee

122
Q

Gastrocnemius origin

A

condyles
popliteal surface
lateral supracondylar line of femur
capsule of knee

123
Q

Gastrocnemius Insertion

A

calcaneus

124
Q

Gastrocnemius Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve

125
Q

Soleus Action

A

Plantar flexes foot

126
Q

Soleus origin

A

posterior surface of head and proximal one fourth of fibul
middle one third of tibia
interosseous membrane

127
Q

Soleus insertion

A

calcaneus

128
Q

Soleus Innervation

A

tibial nerve

129
Q

Flexor digitorum longus Action

A

flexes phalanges of digits II-V as foot is raised from ground
stabilises metatarsal heads and keeps distal pads of toes in contact with ground in toe off and tiptoe movements

130
Q

Flexor digitorum longus Origin

A

Posterior surface of tibial shaft

131
Q

Flexor digitorum longus Insertion

A

distal phalanges II-V

132
Q

Flexor digitorum longus Innervation

A

Tibial nerve

133
Q

Flexor halluces longus action

A

same actions as flexor digitorum longus, but for great tow

134
Q

Flexor halluces longus origin

A

Distal two thirds of fibula and interosseous membrane

135
Q

Flexor halluces longus insertion

A

Distal phalanx I

136
Q

Flexor halluces longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve

137
Q

Tibialis posterior Action

A

inverts foot, may assist in strong plantar flexion

138
Q

Tibialis posterior Origin

A

Posterior surface of proximal half of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

139
Q

Tibialis posterior Insertion

A

navicular
medial cuneiform
metatarsal II-V

140
Q

Tibialis posterior Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve

141
Q

Fibularis Brevis Action

A

Maintains concavity of sole during toe off and tiptoeing

may evert foot

142
Q

Fibularis Brevis origin

A

Lateral surface of distal two thirds of fibula

143
Q

Fibularis Brevis insertion

A

Base of metatarsal V

144
Q

Fibularis Brevis innervation

A

superficial fibula nerve

145
Q

Fibularis Longus Action

A

Maintains concavity of sole during toe off and tiptoeing

everts and plantar flexes foot

146
Q

Fibularis Longus Origin

A

Head and lateral surface of proximal two thirds of fibula

147
Q

Fibularis Longus insertion

A

Medial cuneiform

Metatarsal 1

148
Q

Fibularis Longus innervation

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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