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Functional Anatomy > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three joints of the elbow complex

A

humero-ulnar
radiohumeral
proximal radio-ulnar

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2
Q

what do proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints allow

A

supination

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3
Q

normal valgus angles

A

5-10 degrees males

10-15 degrees females

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4
Q

What reinforces humeroulna joint

A

collateral ligaments

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5
Q

Which fibres of the medial collateral ligament are strongest

A

anterior fibres

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6
Q

What function do the posterior fibres of the medial collateral ligament do

A

they are tensioned by flexion and valgus movements

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7
Q

What tensions the annular ligament

A

distraction of the radius and external rotation

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8
Q

The medial collateral ligament does what

A

primary stabiliser against valgus force with wrist flexors and pronators

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9
Q

What is the MOI for MCL of the elbow

A

excessive valgus force

e.g fall onto outstretched hand (FOOSH)

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10
Q

What does the LCL of the elbow do

A

primary stabiliser against varus forces

traumatic injury can rupture ligament

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11
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do

A

binds radius and ulna

-provides mechanism for transmitting force proximally through upper limb

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12
Q

Describe flexion and extension at the elbow

A

concave surface of the trochlear notch rolls and glides on convex trochlea

  • full extension requires : ant dermis, flexor muscles,anterior capsule, MCL anterior fibres
  • full flexion requires : posterior capsule elongation, extensor muscles, ulnar nerve, MCL posterior fibres and portions of LCL
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13
Q

flexion and extension at the humeroradial joint

A

the fovea of the radius rolls and slides over the convex capitulum

Fovea pulled firmly aanst capitulum in active flexion

NOrmal ROM - 5 hypextension to 145 flexion

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14
Q

for patients suffering from inflammation in the elbow, what is the postion of comfort

A

80 degrees flexion

-volume of air to space in joint is lowest

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15
Q

How might loss of extension occur

A 
long term immobilisation
facture
inflammation
muscle spasticity
spinal injury above C5
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16
Q

Normal ROM for pronation and supination

A

75 degees pro

85 degrees sup

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17
Q

what is required functionally (pronation and supination

A

100 degree arc

requires approximately 50 degrees each direction

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18
Q

what nerve innervates brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6)

19
Q

Innervation of biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous (C5, 6

20
Q

Brachioradialis innervation

A

radial nerve (C5, C6)

21
Q

Pronator teres innervation

A

median nerve (C6, C7)

22
Q

Triceps brachii innervation

A

Radial nerve

23
Q

Anconeus innervation

A

radial nerve (C5, 6)

24
Q

Pronator quadratus innervation

A

median nerve (C6, 7)

25
Q

Pronator teres innervation

A

median nerve (C6,7)

26
Q

Supinator innervation

A

Radial nerve (C5,6)

27
Q

Which muscles flex the elbow

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
pronator teres

28
Q

Which muscles extend the elbow

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

29
Q

What are the primary pronators of the forearm

A

pronator quadratus

pronator teres

30
Q

secondary pronators of the forearms

A

flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
brachioradialis (supinated position)

31
Q

primary supinators of the forearms

A

biceps brachii

supinator

32
Q

secondary supinators of the forearm

A

radial wrist extensors
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
bracioradialis (pronated positionj

33
Q

which produces more torque out of the pronators and supinators

A

supinators (25% more)

34
Q

what is lateral epicondylagia

A

localised pain over lateral elbow +/- forearm

sudden or gradual onset
increased by specific activities- backhand stroke, tightly gripping object, writing, shaking hand

35
Q

source of symptoms for lateral epicondylagia

A 
local 
-ECRB tendinopathy
Radial nerve -posterior interosseous entrapment (radial tunnel syndrome)
Radiohumeral joint 
RH bursae

Referred or secondary hyperalgesia

  • cervical spine (C6 facet joints)
  • Thoracic spine (autonomic contribution
36
Q

Finish lecture 1

A

begin lecure 2

37
Q

Which muscles flex the wrist

A

primary

  • FCR
  • FCU
  • PL
secondary
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficials
flex pollicis superficialis
abductor pollicis longus 
extensor pollicis brevis
38
Q

Which muscles extend the wrist

A

primary
ECRL
ECRB
ECU

secondary
Ext digitorum
extensor indicis
ext digiti minimi 
ext pollicis longus
39
Q

Radial deviator muscles

A 
ECRL
ECRB
ext pollicis longus
ext pollicis brevis
FCR
abd pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis longus
40
Q

Ulnar deviator muscles

A 
ECU
FCU
Flex digitorum profuncdus
Flex digitorum superficialis
ext digitorum
41
Q

Innervation of wrist muscles

A

dorsal side of wrist - radial nerve

Median and ulnar nerves - palmar side

42
Q

What happens to grip strength in flexion

A

reduced

43
Q

what is he 1st CMC joint

A 
biaxial saddle joint
function as a ball and socket due to lax capsule

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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