Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The ankle involves

A

Tibia, fibula and talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much load transfer does the tibia accommdate

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is the largest tarsal bone

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which tarsal bone is most commonly fractured

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Talocrural joint forms what

A

mortise joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What attach to the head of the fibula

A

biceps fem
LCL
Peroneal nerve (posteriorly)_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sinus tarsi

A

area where neck of talus and ATFL is palpable - if pain could indicate ATFL injury, fracture of the talus, sinus tarsi syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What transmits BW from hindfoot to midfoot

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the foot

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the ligaments of the foot

A
medially - deltoid (tibio-calcaneal, tibionavicular and tibiotalar)
- limits eversion
Laterally
Anterior talofibular 
calcaneofibular 
posterior talofibular
-resist inversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most commonly injured ligament

A

ATFL

lateral malleolus to talar neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the ATFL injured

A

Inversion + PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

open pack position of the ankle

A

plantarflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the calcaneofibular ligament

A

resist inversion at talocrural (esp in DF) & subtalar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the PTFL and what is its role

A

posterior talofibular ligament
lateral malleolus - lateral tubercle of talus
- stabilises talus in mortise
-limits abduction esp in DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pronation =

A

eversion +abduction (+ min PF)

17
Q

Supination =

A

Inversion + adduction ( + min DF)

18
Q

Open chain supination and pronation

A

S - calcaneal inversion adduction and plantarflexion

P- calcaneal eversion abduction and dorsiflexion

19
Q

Closed chain supination and pronation

A

S - Tibia ER, Talus dorsiflexion and abduction, calcaneal inversion

P- tibia IR, Talus PF and ADD, Calcaneal eversion

20
Q

tibialis muscles support what

A

The longitudinal arch

21
Q

What nerve innervates Tib Ant

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)

22
Q

Which muscles balance out Tib Ant

A

EHL and Peroneus tertius

23
Q

Tib ant dysfunction

A

foot slap (inability to control foot after heel contact)

tightness - develops in absence of strength
pulls foot medially
pes cavus

24
Q

What is PTTD

A

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

25
Q

Why are joints with long moment arms commonly injured

A

Long moment arms can have larger external forces applied to them

26
Q

Why do bones and muscles have greater capacity for repair

A

greater blood supply

27
Q

How does bone heal

A

in the direction of force

28
Q

Risk factors for OA

A
frequency up with age
obesity
joint injury/trauma
joint overuse/repetitive joint loading tasks
Joint malalignment 
muscle weakness
family history
29
Q

what are the three types of OA

A

idiopathic, familial and post-traumatic

30
Q

Effect of OA on articular cartilage

A

thickening to softening, to thinning to loss

31
Q

impact of OA on synovial membrane

A

abnormal joint alignment stresses

32
Q

Impact of OA on ligaments

A

Abnormal joint alignment stresses

33
Q

Impact of OA on muscles

A

Immobility shortens, pain causes guarding ; weakness

34
Q

Impact of OA on bone

A

changes in shock absorbing properties ; joint margin spurring leads to bony blockade and pain

35
Q

Impact of OA on extra articular system

A

increased energy expenditure from abnormal moving pattern