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Ancient Cities > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the roman empire significant?

A

Because it was the biggest empire
(took over most of western europe not like alexander and the east side)

rome started as a single city and then conquered this whole place

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2
Q

The city of rome

A

remained the core of the empire
near the tiger river
there was a fortification wall built
there were 7 main hills

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3
Q

what as the palatine

A

the home of the wealthy palaces

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4
Q

what was the capitol?

A

the home of the capital line museum

religion temple of jupiter

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5
Q

why was the wall built?

A

bc of the unsuccessful battle with the gauls

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6
Q

who did the romans believe founded rome

A

Romulus

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7
Q

How many kings did the romans believe there were?

A

7

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8
Q

Order of succession in the roman empire

A

romulus founding-the monarchy
the republic-elected magestrates
the roman imperial period

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9
Q

what is significant about the roman imperial period?

A

the end of it marks the year the last roman emperor was ruling the city of rome

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10
Q

What is early roman religon and its misconception?

A

misconception-that romans just copied the greek gods

they had their own religon before conatact with the greeks

romans saw spirts in everything
and they didnt have myths like the greeks until much after

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11
Q

nuimina

A

spirits

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12
Q

penates

A

gods of the store cupboard

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13
Q

pax deorum

A

peace of the gods

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14
Q

do ut des

A

i give so that you may give

reciprocal polythism ritual for the gods

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15
Q

syncretism

A

the assimilation of greek gods into roman words

romans used plants other than uranus and earth

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16
Q

zeus

A

jupiter

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17
Q

hera

A

juno

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18
Q

poseidon

A

neptune

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19
Q

hestia

A

vesta
minor in greek culture but major in roman

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20
Q

athena

A

minerva
widsom of war

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21
Q

ares

A

mars

god of war

romans saw him as less violent vs greeks saw him as the violence in war

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22
Q

The worship of mars

A

much more prominent in roman religion than ares in greek

fathe rto romulus
campus martius the field of mars

oddities of mars worship
-the october horse (equus october)
-salii (jumping priests)

march named after him

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23
Q

The roman empire (roman repubilic)

A

-the cities

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24
Q

order of the roman timeline

A

iron age
the monarchy
the republic
the principate
the dominate

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25
Q

What does romulus mean

A

little roman man

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26
Q

romans believed they were descedencts of who?

A

the trojans

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27
Q

early rome according to the romans

A

aeneas: son of anchises and venus (escaped torjans)

romulus and remus the rons of rhea silvia and mars

romulus as the first king of rome

509 bce repubulic

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28
Q

early rome archeological records

A

small bronze age finds
evidence of nucleation in teh 10th century
mid 7th century when we start to se eproto city
-emergence of an elite
-draining and paving of the forum
first permant housses in city centres

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29
Q

what was a roman forum equivelent to?

A

greek agora city centre

30
Q

what were the cultural influences on iron age italy

A

etruscans
phonetians-carthage
greeks-colonzing massalia

31
Q

the etruscans

A

colonized italy
native people of muscany
non roman
language is an isolate
non-indo european
adapted from the phoenicians and greeks

32
Q

etruscan temples

A

models for later roman temples
major difference from greeks
-columns only in the centre
-one entrance
-multiple gods

33
Q

evidence for the kings

A

-romulus prob a myth
the lapis niger
regia
and the republic

34
Q

what is the lapis niger

A

rex=king
a black rock were an inscription with rules

35
Q

what is the regia

A

earliest identified structure
re built w new floorplan

36
Q

evidence for kings during the republic

A

shrine for mars and ops consiva (wealth)

overseen by rex sacrorum

king of sacred things

37
Q

What is the roman republic known for?

A

being the royal period

38
Q

The roman republic government

A

4 groups
-consuls
-senate
-people
-SPQR

39
Q

consults

A

2 elected anually, cheif magistrate like prime minister head of gov

40
Q

senate

A

300 members in early/mid-republic
highest wealth class (not a democray)
can be former magistrates

41
Q

people

A

weath class
centuriate assembly and others
peiple with more money get more votes

42
Q

SPQR

A

senatus populuque romanus
senate and the people roman

municipal gov still uses

43
Q

history of the roman republic

A

founding of the romaning republic
break down of norms (populus started to leader single people leadign)
assasination of julius caesar- he was named dicator for life
conspirator vs trimuvir the tiumbirs vs each other
defeat of marc antony by octavian
octavian remaed augustus

44
Q

how was caeser and octavian related

A

great nephew and picks up where his uncle left off

45
Q

what was the roman forum like before

A

it was widely neglected

46
Q

parts of a roman forum

A

basilicas
temples
curia
rostra

47
Q

basilicas

A

liek stoas multipurpose building

48
Q

temples

A

of concord
and vesta

49
Q

who were the vestal virgins

A

women who were to keep the fire going bc god of fireplace
they had looks of authority but also less

50
Q

curia

A

senate house where senate would meet

it was rebuilt the year julius died so he wasnt killed there

51
Q

rosta

A

speakers platform
where the speaker adresses the public

52
Q

early roman coins

A

earliest was really big and thick 300BCE

had the denarius system
with gold aureus
silver-denarius
coper and copper alloy-sesterius (big), dupondiusm, as-lowest form

53
Q

something unique about roman coins

A

hey didnt allow living people ont he coins for a lomg time
but then they began puting family members and stuff to send a polictal message

54
Q

coin with dagger and helmet

A

when slaves recived freedom the freedom hat

55
Q

aligator coin

A

when they captured egypt

56
Q

republican portraiture: verism

A

shows have they didnt copy greek art

had a wart and all style
honest depiction
age showed power
serious stoacic

57
Q

julius caesear

A

dictoatr for life
assasinated march 15, 44 BCE
first living roman to have their portrait on coins

58
Q

aqueducts

A

artifically made channels to direct water for the city of rome

gradient channel

on a slight slant

how signifcant they were
and how the popn declined when the aquaducts became out of use

59
Q

researchers have assumed that the key to the ancient concrete’s durability was based on one ingredient

A

pozzolanic material such as volcanic ash from the area of Pozzuoli, on the Bay of Naples

new ingerdiient
white chunks, often referred to as “lime clasts,” originate from lime, another key component of the ancient concrete mix

60
Q

what did the lime cast do?

A

new study suggests that these tiny lime clasts gave the concrete a previously unrecognized self-healing capability.

61
Q

highly reactive paste-like material, in a process known as

A

slaking

62
Q

Studying samples of this ancient concrete, he and his team determined that the white inclusions were, indeed, made out of various forms of calcium carbonate.

A
63
Q

Hot mixing was

A

the key to the super-durable nature of roman concrete

64
Q

which river is rome near

A

tiber river

65
Q

early roman history divided into two periods

A

latin kings and etruscan kings

66
Q

where was the earlier known settlement

A

palatine hill- roman fourm

67
Q

three components of roman infastructure

A

Three key components of this infrastructure were roads, the establishment of army
camps, and the foundation of new towns, or colonies.

68
Q

cosa

A

territory conquered from the Etruscan
city of Vulci, strategically placed to block Etruscan access to the sea

fertile farmland

arx was the citadel towns highpoint

arx had its own set of fortification walls - principle shrine of the twon

69
Q

stone cut styles

A

Well-known patterns of facings include
(1) opus
incertum, small stones of irregular shape;

(2) opus reticulatum, small stones cut with a square face,
placed in a diamond pattern; and

(3) opus testaceum, a facing of bricks or tiles

69
Q

basilica

A

the basilica provided space for lawyers,
judges, and other officials involved in city and legal affairs

70
Q

relihous buildings in the forum

A

Religious buildings in the forum included three major temples to the deities Vesta, Saturn, and
Castor,

71
Q
A

Ancient Cities (12 decks)

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