Week 2

Question 1

the neolithic period

Answer 1

defined by the advancenments in technology
8550-3500 BCE

Question 2

what was the fertile cresent

Answer 2

a land rich for argrictlure bc is many rivers
there wasnt any cultural unity
cultures and areas developed individually at different times

Question 3

why do people believe the neolithic period started

Answer 3

bc o f the receding glaicers of 10 000 BCE

Question 4

mesopotamia/western asia time

Answer 4

upper palaeolithic (old stone age) and the mesolithic periods (middle stone age)
end of that time there was the receding of the glaciers
then the neolithic period (new stone age) proto cities
halaf and ubaid periods within this time the first real cities were made

Question 5

lithic means

Answer 5

greek world for stone ages

Question 6

the neolithic period

Answer 6

8550-3500 BCE
Orginal definition-stone worked with abrasion and not just fractures
later definition
onset of agriculture, complec social sturctures etc

Question 7

the neolithic revolution

Answer 7

slow change
overpopn
food shortages
no actual eviendce of a revolution

Question 8

PPN

Answer 8

pre pottery neolitic

Question 9

PN

Answer 9

pottery neolitic
storage and cooking significnat

Question 10

Why did the neolithic happen

Answer 10

around 10 000 BCE there was the receding of the glaciers which caused the changes in climate for the better so agricuture could be sustained

there was the domestication of plants
then the domestication of animals

popln explansions and deisre for food surplus

Question 11

What is catalhoyuk

Answer 11

a protocity
located in turkey
near rivers

Question 12

the site at catalhoyuk

Answer 12

the eastern mount was the earlier than the western mound

most recent excavaitons are from the 90s by Ian Hodder from stanford uni

Question 13

Architeture in catalhoyuk

Answer 13

there were 166 partially excavated and 18 fully excavated homes
the houses were small made of mud break with flat roofs
the walls were touching the neighbours (people believe that this was a defence technique)
the doors were on the roofs
the was a central room with oven
raised platform where there were dead bodies buried
the new houses were build on top of old ones

Question 14

handicrafts

Answer 14

textile materials (fabrics) were made iwth oak blast and not flax or wool
there were deoratiev figurines or home decor
hand made pottery
evidence of distant trade

Question 15

oak blast

Answer 15

ofyen didnt last and would break down over time

Question 16

zooarcharology

Answer 16

the study of animal remain from archaeological contexts

Question 17

bioarchaeology

Answer 17

study of human remains from an aracheological context

Question 18

archaeobotany

Answer 18

study of plant remains from archaeological context

Question 19

primarily vegetarian diet (nuts seeds and grains)

Answer 19

this is where we can see a difference between hunter gathers and farmers where we see grains become more prominet in the diet

Question 20

additional domestricated animals

Answer 20

evidenc eof increased animal oriteun consuption over earlier periods

Question 21

how did health shift from hunder gaher to farming settlements

Answer 21

there was evidence of dental and peridontal issues
evidence of increase in dissease
evidence of interpersonal violence

this all happened as popn was increasing

Question 22

religion at catalhoyuk

Answer 22

there were burial under the floor board in the house
this act did not have an y practical funciton hences shows some form of religon or belief system

religion seemed to be intergrated into their daily lives

Question 23

what did hodder theorize about the religion?

Answer 23

every single act that we can observe seems to blur the boundaries between the everyday and sacred or special

Question 24

building 42 burial

Answer 24

showed intensional religous practices
skeleton of a woman with the head oa a man plaster on it to recreaste facial feature in red
it had been replaseded
there was a leopard claw also found in the grave
buried in the founddation of the hhouse ebfore constuction of th ehouse

Question 25

what aspects of a city did catalohuk not have

Answer 25

writing
monumental public archetecture