Week 3

Question 1

Where are the summerians

Answer 1

in mesopotamia
during the halaf and ubaid period

Question 2

the sumerian timeline

Answer 2

ubaid period
then the uruk period (protoliterate period) (start of writing)
early dynasctic period-when ruler snad dynastsies began
then there was the akkadian empire-conquers sumeria
then lasy was the neo-sumerian emprire aka Ur III- when sumerian identity began to come back

Question 3

who were the sumerians?

Answer 3

ancient people from the region of sumer
they have unclear orgin or connections with neighbours

Question 4

sumerian language

Answer 4

was an isolate-no known ansestors or relative languages

Question 5

what were the two language groups

Answer 5

indo european
semitic

no recorded text

Question 6

what is the orgian of akkadian lang

Answer 6

semitic

Question 7

what is script

Answer 7

writing system

Question 8

logographic script

Answer 8

each word is a separtate character

Question 9

syllabic script

Answer 9

each syllable is a separate charcter

Question 10

alphabet

Answer 10

each sound is a separate character

Question 11

the sumerian language

Answer 11

a tested in writing from 3500 BCE to first century CE
no related langauges
script was cueniform
started as logographic to record inventories
became syllabic to record complex texts of myth rituals and history
writeen on clay tablets
the scripti is adapted for use with other langueage sint he region

Question 12

religion and government

Answer 12

the main unit of government ws the independ city state
each city has its own patron deity
cities main temple was the centre of geligous, governmaltl and economic activity
each city town had a king ruling on behalf of the patron god

Question 13

temple designs

Answer 13

the temples were built on high mounds, originally made fron the reconstruction of a temple on the same site

later the artifial versions of these were mad ein the form of the ziggurat

ex the temples at Uruk

Question 14

the white temple at uruk

Answer 14

deticated to the sky god anu
tripartite inner structure with a central hall
processional ramp

Question 15

eanna precinct

Answer 15

fertility goddess inanna

epic gilgamesh-he carved on a strone stela all od his toils and uit the wall od uruk-haven, the wall of the savred eanna temple the holys sanctuary

not on a platform
not well preserved

Question 16

iconography

Answer 16

the study of images and symbols in works of art

Question 17

uruk vase

Answer 17

static images
had offering for gods
river
plants
animals

Question 18

who were the akkadians

Answer 18

city of acad
first empire in the region
empire established by sargon
semetic lanaguage, cuniform

Question 19

what did sargon do

Answer 19

established the akkadian empire
conquered sumer

Question 20

government and religion

Answer 20

shared the same gods with the sumerians
governments replaced the gods with kings as the supreme ruler

Question 21

Who was sargons grandson?

Answer 21

naram sin, firsy to be considered a god in his lifetime

Question 22

stele of naram sin

Answer 22

carved stone
there was a sun and moon
then all the people under and bigger figure showing worship

whereas the vase of uruk showed how people were offering stuff to gods

Question 23

bronze head?

Answer 23

lifesized head of a bronze man
foudn in a much later temple
intensioanlly damaged eyes
textbook thinks its sargon
brit museum thinks its maram sin

it looks expensive and seems to be a leader

Question 24

what happened to the akkadians

Answer 24

empire became over extended and weak
coquered by the gutian, a people from mountains in iran

later poets attribute it to sacrilege by naram sin for attacking nippur
revenge fro the god enlik

recently people belive climate change

Question 25

Ur

Answer 25

Major sumerian city
popn 12 000
partron deity moon god nanna

Question 26

who escavated the site ta Ur

Answer 26

Sir Leonard Wolley from Penn

Question 27

funerary evidence at Ur

Answer 27

there were burrial found
royal tombs or Ur

Question 28

the royal tombs of Ur

Answer 28

16 tombs found in a cemetery
ED III
corbelled arches/vauts (not sturctually strong)

Question 29

tomb occupants

Answer 29

3 names recoored are all royal: one queen and two kings

surrounded by valuable objects and sometimes attendants andanimals
one tomb with 74 people and 68 women
there was evidence of sacrifice

Question 30

grave goods

Answer 30

some graves were looted
but they had jewlery vessels, muscial insrutuments
weapons
the royal standard of Ur

Question 31

Royal standdard of ur

Answer 31

the was a war side and a peace side and was a grave good for a king

Question 32

Ur III

Answer 32

gutians rules for less than a century, and followed by the reemergenc eof sumerian cities
sumerians restored as the offical lan but reatin the central administration set up by the akkadians

kings declared themselves as gods

ur remained a prestigious religous centre

Question 33

Ur III houses

Answer 33

city does not have a regular grid layout
largest house had two stories and a courtyard
unadorne doutside and inside was decorated showed that people valuved the inside and personal stuff more than showing people
privacy

Question 34

the religous centre of Ur

Answer 34

had a sacred area
deticated to nanna the moon god and his wife ningal

building only preserved to their foundations
royal building also within the complex

tombs from this period are thoughly looted

Question 35

temenos

Answer 35

sacred

Question 36

the ziggurat

Answer 36

orginally erected by king Ur-Nammu
restroed for subsequetn 1500 years by mesopotamian kings