Week 11

Question 1

Where did the eruption of mount vesuvius take place

Answer 1

The bay of naples in italy

Question 2

Which city did the eruption mainly effect/ the best perserved cities

Answer 2

they were very well perserved bc of the eruption

Pompeii and Heculaneum

Question 3

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Answer 3

There were earthquakes before but people did not evacuate

eruptive column 20km high of ash and pumice and gas

nuee ardente/pyroclastic surge-the hot ash and gases flowing down

Question 4

How did the eruption effect pomeii vs herculaneum

Answer 4

lots fell on the city of pompeii
the roofs were destroyed and people were most likely suffocated by gases

heculaeum-lots of pyroclastic surges
it was out of direction bc of the wind so a lot of the building were intact
projects were carbonized

herculaneum was discovered first but esxavated slower

Question 5

The date of eruption

Answer 5

aug 24th 79 CE in manuscripts (manuscripts have been recopied and recopied many times can be inaccurate) evidence against an august date:
-autumn fruit
-completed wine harvest
-direction of the wind
-newly discovered inscription
new proposed date is oct 24 79CE

Question 6

History of the Excavation

Answer 6

ancient looting-it was difficut bc of the ash
herculaneum 1738 (not as advanced techniques), 1748 pompeii info lost in early evacuations and things were removed w no context
1980 earthquake caused the site to be closed
present day there is conservation work

hard bc there is still an active volcano

Question 7

The people of pompeii and herculaneoum

Answer 7

lots of perseved people

Question 8

where were plaster casts (fiorellis) mostly used

Answer 8

in pompeii bc they full covered fully with ashes

herculumeun has skeltons

Question 9

plants of pompeii

Answer 9

root casts fiorellis technique
carbonized vegation
recartion of anicient gardens and vineyards

Question 10

Roman family and friends

Answer 10

paterfamilias
nuclear family
enslaved people
clients and patrons

Question 11

paterfamilias

Answer 11

head of the household
usually oldest male in the families lineage

Question 12

wives were usually under the control of

Answer 12

a man either husband or father

Question 13

enslaved people

Answer 13

could have been house born or purchased

Question 14

manumission

Answer 14

the freeing of enslaved people

Question 15

freedmen

Answer 15

freed people they had citizenship

Question 16

clients and patrons

Answer 16

clients were people who needed help and the patrons would help them

oftentimes freedmen had to be clients of their patron (the person that had enslaved them)

Question 17

Components of a upper class urban domus

Answer 17

general organization from public to private

fauces-entrance
impluvium-like a rain fall window on roof
tablinum-home office
triclinium-the dinning room
peristyle-garden
cubiculum-bedroom

Question 18

Enslaved peoples quarters

Answer 18

not really a divide in smaller homes but in larger homes they would be placed near the back

clear distinction from the rest of the house: mariginaztion less attention

Question 19

new style of house

Answer 19

atrium peristyle houses
no atrium
patreon structure is more prevlent and more public

Question 20

insulae

Answer 20

roman apartment buildngs
where majority of popn lived

Question 21

Roman Villa

Answer 21

the urban dromus
country estate
found on the outskirts of cities or counties

leisure vs economic function (fun and vineyards)

wide varitey in plan

Question 22

The villa of the papyri

Answer 22

in herculaneum
there is the only intact libary from the greco roman period
there was new tech that helps read the scrolls

Question 23

The getty villa

Answer 23

inspired by the villa of the papyri
built by j paul getty in malibu cali

Question 24

decorations

Answer 24

permanent mosacic and wall paintings
movable sucupture furniture

themes
mythology
natyre/real life
erotica
memento mori carpe diem (rememver you will die and cease the day)

Question 25

Wall paintings

Answer 25

divided into 4 styles by august mau (german archaeologist)

styles are called the pomeian styles bc based on the stuff from pompeii

remember not everyone follow trends

Question 26

the first pompeian style

Answer 26

2nd century BCE
simple rectangles of diff colours
imitated marble

Question 27

the second pompeian style

Answer 27

80 BCE
3D images often with architectural features
large images

Question 28

the third pompeian style

Answer 28

augustan age
no 3D effects
thin wispy columns
central vignettes
images dont cover the whole wall

Question 29

Graffiti vs tituli picit

Answer 29

graffiti before meant like engraving
tituli picti meant painted notes/messages

got messages from all types of people

Question 30

Programmata

Answer 30

political election ads

Question 31

the political graffiti

Answer 31

very formulaic
intentional locations near public areas
many parodies

Question 32

Edicta munerum

Answer 32

advertising the games

popular person aemilius celer painted by himself by moonlight

Question 33

the graffiti made reference to literature

Answer 33

makes reference to exisiting lit and new compositions

Question 34

The Villa Adrianna was built by who?

Answer 34

During the ruling of hadrian
administrative empire

Question 35

pantheon meant

Answer 35

all the gods