Week 12

Question 1

What are Roman Provinces

Answer 1

Its taking a look into the lives of people who didnt live in the centre of rome

lecture we focus on palmyra, leptis magna, and trier

Question 2

When was the roman empire at its largest?

Answer 2

117 ce

Question 3

how was the empire divided?

Answer 3

the east and the west

first it was more so a cultural divide but then it becomes an offical divide by emperors

Question 4

How was the east and the west different?

Answer 4

East
known as alexanders empire
greek influence
more urbanized
coinage was created here
more infasturctures

west
the west had slower developement
they were roman states
and newly built cities

Question 5

How was the roman empire split up during the roman provinces

Answer 5

there was the senatorial proviences
imperial proviences
and the client states

Question 6

senatorial provinces

Answer 6

more stablely controlled
and less military control

Question 7

imperial provinces

Answer 7

there was more military contorl

Question 8

client states

Answer 8

they were more earlier and they did not have a roman govoner in place
they had a local government (kings)
and was offically still independentant

Question 9

Context on how poeple were living during this time?

Answer 9

Not many sources and hard to find how people were libing bc not a lot of writing survives but some roman sources give a roman accoutn on the provinces

Question 10

Romanization

Answer 10

making places more roman

Question 11

hellenization

Answer 11

making places more greek

Question 12

Captured greeks captured the captured

Answer 12

when the romans were taken over but then the romans recultured the greeks

Question 13

how useful is the term romanization for understanding the cultural influences in the empire?

Answer 13

romans experienced hellenization
they also forced their culture on to the other proinces
yet they didnt really push their culture to implement empire

they didnt change everything only what they needed to

Roman culture did not try to diminish the cultures alr present

Question 14

Roman coinages

Answer 14

west-supplied with coins by the central roman mint
east-created their own imperially approved silver and bronze coinages at local mints
(this is where coins were invented, the local coinage system remained bc why changes what alr works)

Question 15

roman coins

Answer 15

gold-coin of sabrina
silver-coin of hadrian and sabina
bronze-coin of antinous

Question 16

Palmyra

Answer 16

the most prominent city
was a trade hub into syria
major trade hub between asia and europe
first urban debelopment in palmyra
the roman province of syria
main languages greek and aramaic

Question 17

palmyrene funerary relief

Answer 17

these are the largets portarits from the roman empire
thre were no indiviudallized faces not much detail
combination of the local and greco-roman sytle for dresses attributes and inscriptions
the inscriptions were usually in aramaic
the inscriptions were put inside which emphasised how they were more for personal and families and were formulaic with family. linagages

Question 18

palmyrene vs roman elements in sculptures

Answer 18

their poses and inscription styles were similar
but the women dressed differently-roman rebublic women dressed more simple
the palmyrene had women in modest poses and they also had a background

Question 19

what cultural influences are visible from the city plan

Answer 19

they had a combination of greco-roman culture
there were important part of their own culture that remain but they adopted unimportant things
there was an agora
theatre
temples baths

Question 20

Where was the temple of Bel and why is it signficant?

Answer 20

it was dedicated ot their local patron deity
combimamtion of local greco-roman elements

there was roman/etruscan stair way entrance
there was also a staircase inside
and the roof top presemted diff elements of religon

Question 21

How was palmyra destroyed?

Answer 21

it was destroyed in recent years
in 2015/16
while it was temporarituly under ISIS control, large sections of the site were destroyed

many artificats were saved through the work of khaled al Assaad and other (got most artifcats of the city)
he was then murdered by isis

today presevation work is undersway

Question 22

Leptis Magna

Answer 22

located in north-and modern libya
it was also a good trade hub between italy
punic settlement (phonecian origin)
there was early imperial construction
hometown of septimius severus
there were destructions in the 5th and 7th century
escavations started into the 20th century by italians

it was an abanndoned city hence well perserved and covered in sand

Question 23

why was all reminants of the son erased?

Answer 23

bc he got geta assasianted so all of his existance got erased

Question 24

city plan of leptis magna

Answer 24

imperial pre-severan
-markets,old forum, thethre, amphitheatre, temples and basilicas

septimius severus
connaded st, terapylon, forum and basilica, harbour

Question 25

the freestanding arch

Answer 25

uniquely roman form of commemoration
triuphal arch made to comemorate the milatray victory

Question 26

triumph

Answer 26

triumph-a military paradade tocelelbrate a victorous general; voted on by the senate

Question 27

arch of septimius severus from leptis magna

Answer 27

its a triumphal arch
there are major scenes

Question 28

the major scence on the arch of septimius

Answer 28

sacrifice: dextrarum lunctio, two triumphal procession -shaky hands

and the damnatio memoriae: geta and caracalla

Question 29

Trier

Answer 29

was a promiment city in late antiquity
part of the tetrarchy

Question 30

the tetrarchy

Answer 30

was founded by diocletian
he divided in 4 betwen two senior augusti and two junior caesares

capitals were at nicomedia, milan, trier, and simium

other prominent cities were: thessaloniki, romulinana and split

this is when rome was starting to become irrelvent

Question 31

trier

Answer 31

founded as an army camp by augustus

the latin name is augusta treverorum

abandoned as admisnistrative centre at the end of the fourth century

Question 32

porta nigra

Answer 32

blacken gate
north gate of roman trier
turned into medieval church
modern resotoration in 19th century well pereved

Question 33

basilica constantine

Answer 33

for the emperor constantisn
he was the first person to make christianity legal
was orginally an imperial palace
but later converted into a church