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A&P > Week 8-Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Week 8-Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A

1) Move the body
2) Maintain posture
3) Protect and support
4) Regulate elimination of materials
5) Produce heat

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2
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle

A

1) Excitability
2) Conductivity
3) Contractility
4) Extensibility
5) Elasticity

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3
Q

Excitability

A

Ability of cell to respond to stimulus

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4
Q

Conductivity

A

Involves electrical signal that is propagated along the plasma membrane as voltage gated channels open sequentially during an action potential

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5
Q

Contractility

A

Enables muscle cells to cause body movement and to perform other functions (contractile proteins within skeletal muscle slide past one another)

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

Lengthening of muscle cell

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7
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability of muscle cell to return to original length following either shortening or lengthening of muscle

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8
Q

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

A

Skeletal muscles fibers, connective tissue layers, blood vessels, and nerves

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9
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundles of muscle fibers

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10
Q

Three Layers of Connective Tissue Components

A

1) Epimysium
2) Perimysium
3) Endomysium
-together they extend past muscle fibers to form tendon or aponeurosis

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11
Q

Epimysium

A

-Layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle
-Provides protection and support

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12
Q

Perimysium

A

-Layer of dense irregular connective tissue around each fascicle
-Protection and support to bundles of muscle fibers

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13
Q

Endomysium

A

-Areolar connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
-Electrically insulate muscle fibers

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14
Q

Tendon

A

Cordlike structure composed of dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

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15
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Thin, flattened sheet of dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to skeletal component (bone/ligament) or to fascia

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16
Q

Deep fascia

A

-Expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is external to epimysium
-Separates individual muscles, binds muscles with similar functions, and fills spaces between muscles
-contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

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17
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Areolar and adipose tissue that separates muscle from skin

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18
Q

End-plate Potential

A

Minimum voltage change that can trigger opening of voltage gated channels in sarcolemma to initiate action potential

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19
Q

Action potential

A

Depolarization and repolarization

20
Q

Refractory period

A

-Period of time that includes depolarization and repolarization
-muscle cannot be restimulated during this time

21
Q

Triad

A

T tubule flanked by terminal cisternae of sacroplasmic reticulum

22
Q

Changes to Sarcomere During Contraction

A

-H zone disappears
-I band narrows in width and may disappear
-Z discs move closer

23
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Repetitive movement of thin filaments sliding past thick filaments

24
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

Amount of additional oxygen that is consumed following exercise to restore pre-exercise conditions

24
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

Amount of additional oxygen that is consumed following exercise to restore pre-exercise conditions

25
Q

Power

A

Related to diameter of muscle fiber (large diameter=more powerful)

26
Q

Speed

A

Slow or fast genetic variant of myosin ATPase

27
Q

Fast twitch fibers

A

-have fast variant of myosin ATPase
-initiate contraction faster and contraction is shorter

28
Q

Slow twitch fibers

A

-have slow variant of myosin ATPase
-initiate contraction slower and contraction is longer

29
Q

Oxidative fibers

A

-provide ATP by aerobic respiration
-extensive capillary network, many mitochondria, lots of myoglobin (gives them red color)
-fatigue resistant

30
Q

Glycolytic fibers

A

-provide ATP by glycolysis
-less extensive capillary network, fewer mitochondria, less myoglobin
-white color
-fatigable

31
Q

Muscle Tension

A

Force generated when skeletal muscle is stimulated to contract

32
Q

Muscle Twitch

A

A single, brief contraction period and then relaxation period of skeletal muscle in response to a single stimulation

33
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum voltage needed to stimulated muscle to generate a twitch

34
Q

Recruitment

A

Increase in muscle tension that occurs with an increase in stimulus intensity

35
Q

Wave/Temporal Summation

A

Stimulation occurs so rapidly that complete relaxation of skeletal muscle does not occur before next stimulation event (summation of contractile forces)

36
Q

Incomplete tetany

A

-further increases in stimulation frequency allows less time for relaxation between contraction cycles
-Tension tracing continues to increase and distance between waves decreases

37
Q

Tetany

A

Continuous contraction

38
Q

Fatigue

A

A decrease in muscle tension that occurs from repetitive stimulations

39
Q

Muscle Tone

A

Resting tension in skeletal muscle generated by involuntary somatic nervous stimulation of muscle

40
Q

Resting Muscle Tone

A

Random contraction of small numbers of motor units causes muscle to develop tension

41
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Skeletal muscle tension is insufficient to overcome resistance and there is no movement of muscle

42
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Skeletal muscle tension results in movement of muscle

43
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Shortening of muscle length

44
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Lengthening of muscle

45
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

Amount of tension a skeletal muscle can generate when stimulated is influences significantly by amount of overlap of thick and thin filaments within muscle fibers when muscle begins its contraction

A&P (13 decks)

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