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A&P > Week 1 Terms > Flashcards

Week 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure & form

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of the body parts

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3
Q

Anatomist

A

Scientist who studies form & structure of organisms

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4
Q

Physiologist

A

Scientists that examme how organ & body systems function under normal circumstances

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5
Q

Scientific Method

A

Systematic & rigorous process by which scientists:
• examine natural events through observation
-develop a hypothesis for explaining these phenomena
-experiment and test the hypothesis through the collection of data
-determine if the data supports the hypothesis, or if the hypothesis needs to be rejected or modified

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6
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye

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7
Q

Cytology

A

Study of body cells and their internal structure

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8
Q

Histology

A

Study of body tissues

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9
Q

Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic Anatomy)

A

Investigates the structure and relationship of the body parts that are visible to the unaided eye, such as the intestines, stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys

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10
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system

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11
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

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12
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Focuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

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13
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

Examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

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14
Q

Embryology

A

Discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

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15
Q

Pathologic anatomy

A

Examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

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16
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

Investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

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17
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

Examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

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18
Q

Cardiovascular physiologist

A

Examine how the heart pumps blood, what are the parameters for healthy blood pressure within the blood vessels, and details of the cellular exchange mechanisms by which respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes move between blood and body structures

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19
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Examines how nerve impulses are propagated throughout the nervous system

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20
Q

Respiratory physiology

A

Studies how respiratory gases are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and blood vessels

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21
Q

Reproductive physiology

A

Explores how regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sec production and maturation

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22
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Investigates the relationship between functioning of an organ system and disease/injury to that organ system

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23
Q

Organization

A

All organisms exhibit complex structure and order

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24
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body

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25
Q

Anabolism

A

Small molecules are joined to form larger molecules

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26
Q

Catabolism

A

Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

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27
Q

Growth

A

Increased size

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28
Q

Development

A

Increased specialization as related to form and function

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29
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability to detect and react to stimuli

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30
Q

Stimuli

A

Changes in the external or internal environment

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31
Q

Reproduction

A

All organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair

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32
Q

Chemical level

A

Simplest level of organization. Involves atoms and molecules.

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33
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest unit of matter that exhibit the characteristics of an element

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34
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms

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35
Q

Macromolecules

A

Complex molecules

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36
Q

Organelles

A

Specialized microscopic subunits in cells formed from macromolecules

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37
Q

Cells

A

Smallest living structures and serve as basic units of structure and function on organisms

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38
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform common functions

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39
Q

Organ

A

Two or more types of tissue work together to perform specific, complex functions

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40
Q

Organ system

A

Contains multiple related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

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41
Q

Supine

A

Lying down, face upward

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42
Q

Anatomic position

A

Stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor, upper limbs are at the sides of the body, and the palms face anteriorly; head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer

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43
Q

Section

A

An actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

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44
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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45
Q

Coronal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts

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46
Q

Transverse

A

Divides the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

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47
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves

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48
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides a structure into left and right portions that are not equal

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49
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

A sagittal plane that extends through the body vertically and divides it into unequal left and right halves

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50
Q

Oblique plane

A

Pass through a structure at an angle

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51
Q

Anterior

A

In front of; toward the front surface

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52
Q

Posterior

A

In back of; toward the back surface

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53
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back side of the human body

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54
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly side of the human body

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55
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

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56
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

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57
Q

Cranial (cephalic)

A

Toward the head end

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58
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the rear or tail end

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59
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the nose or mouth

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60
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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61
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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62
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

63
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

64
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the inside, internal to another structure

65
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the outside, external to another structure

66
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment to trunk

67
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from point of attachment to trunk

68
Q

Abdominal Region

A

Region inferior to the thorax and superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones

69
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm (portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

70
Q

Antecubital

A

Region anterior to the elbow (front of the elbow)

71
Q

Auricular

A

Ear (visible surface structures)

72
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

73
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and elbow)

74
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

75
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of foot

76
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

77
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

78
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

79
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

80
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

81
Q

Crural

A

portion of lower limb between knee and ankle (shin)

82
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

83
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes (aka phalangeal)

84
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

85
Q

Facial

A

Face

86
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

87
Q

Fibular

A

Lateral aspect of the leg

88
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

89
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

90
Q

Hallux

A

Great toe

91
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

92
Q

Lumbar

A

The “small of the back”: the inferior part of the back between the ribs and pelvis

93
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

94
Q

Manus

A

Hand

95
Q

Mental

A

Chin

96
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

97
Q

Occipital

A

Posterior aspect of the head

98
Q

Olecranal

A

Posterior aspect of the elbow

99
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

100
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

101
Q

Palmar

A

Palm (anterior surface) of the hand

102
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

103
Q

Pectoral

A

Chest, includes mammary region

104
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis; region inferior to pelvic brim of hip bones

105
Q

Perineal

A

Diamond shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and external reproductive organs

106
Q

Pes

A

Foot

107
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

108
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

109
Q

Popliteal

A

Area posterior to knee

110
Q

Pubic

A

Anterior region of pelvis

111
Q

Radial

A

Lateral aspect (thumb side) of forearm

112
Q

Sacral

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

113
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

114
Q

Sternal

A

Anterior middle region of thorax

115
Q

Sural

A

Calf (posterior part of the leg)

116
Q

Tarsal

A

Proximal part of the foot and ankle

117
Q

Thoracic

A

Part of torso superior to thoracic diaphragm; contains the pectoral, axillary, and sternal regions

118
Q

Tibial

A

Medial aspect of leg

119
Q

Ulnar

A

Medial aspect (pinky side) of the forearm

120
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

121
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal column

122
Q

Posterior aspect

A

Contains cavities that are completely encased in bone and are physically and developmentally different from the ventral cavity

123
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Formed by the bones of the cranium; contains the brain

124
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column; contains spinal cord

125
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Does not completely encase its organs in bones; partitioned by thoracic diaphragm into thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

126
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the internal surface of the body wall

127
Q

Visceral layer

A

Covers the external surface of the organs within that cavity

128
Q

Mediastinum

A

Median space between the lungs; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart

129
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer layer of the serous membrane and forms the inner lining of the sac around the heart

130
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Covers the heart’s external surface

131
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Serous cavity between the parietal and visceral pericardium, and it contains serous fluid

132
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of the serous membrane and lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

133
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Covers the external surface of each lung

134
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Serous cavity between parietal and visceral layers; contains serous fluid

135
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Superior to pelvic brim of hip bones; contains most of digestive system organs, kidneys, and most of the ureters

136
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Inferior to pelvic brim; contains distal part of lathe intestine, remainder of ureters, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

137
Q

Peritoneum

A

Two-layered serous membrane associated with abdominopelvic cavity

138
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

139
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers the external surfaces of most abdominal and pelvic organs

140
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Cavity between parietal and visceral peritoneum

141
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Middle region; named for the umbilicus (navel) that lies in the center

142
Q

Epigastric region

A

Superior to umbilical region

143
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Inferior to umbilical region

144
Q

Right and left hypochondriac regions

A

Inferior to costal cartilages and lateral to epigastric region

145
Q

Right and left lumbar regions

A

lateral to umbilical region

146
Q

Right and left iliac regions

A

lateral to hypogastric region

147
Q

Receptor

A

Body structure that detects changes in a variable; typically consists of sensory neurons; detects a stimulus

148
Q

Variable

A

A substance or process that is regulated

149
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in the variable

150
Q

Control center

A

Structure that both interprets input from receptor and initiates changes through the effector; generally a portion of nervous system (brain or spinal cord) or an organ of endocrine system (ex. thyroid gland)

151
Q

Effector

A

Structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

152
Q

Negative feedback

A

Resulting action will always be in the opposite direction of the stimulus

153
Q

Positive feedback

A

Stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs

154
Q

Set point

A

Variable is maintained within a normal level

A&P (13 decks)

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