Week 8- Middle Age Flashcards
Age range for middle age
40-65 yrs
Age range for adulthood
22-40 yrs
Age range for middle age
40-65 yrs
Late adulthood age
65+
Advanced maternal age (AMA)
Pregnancy where the mother is older than 35
Erickson stage for midlife
Generativity vs stagnation
Involves reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation
Generativity
True or false: Parenting is the only means of realizing generativity
False
Adults can be generative through…
-Other family relationships
-Mentors in the workplace
-Volunteer endeavors
-Forms of productivity/creativity
Period of transition of life where someone struggles with their identity and self-confidence
Midlife crisis
Midlife crisis happens anywhere from _____ years old and affects…
40-60
Men and women
Physical changes in midlife
-Vision
-Hearing
-Skin
-Muscle
-Bone
-Balance
-Hormones
Vision is affected by…
Presbyopia (loss of accommodative ability of the lens)
Vision problems in midlife
-Reduced vision in dim light
-Increased sensitivity to glare
-Diminished color discrimination
-Risk of glaucoma increases
-Reading glasses may be needed
Age related hearing loss
Presbycusis
Presbycusis begins with a decline in…
Detection of high frequencies and then spread to other tones
True or false: The ability to distinguish sounds occurring in close succession increases and eventually human speech becomes easier to decipher
False
(decreases, harder)
Skin changes in midlife
-Wrinkles, loosens, dries
-Age spots develop
-Precancerous lesions or spots
Muscle strength declines at age ____
30
Each decade, ___% of muscle mass is lost
5
True or false: There is an increased occurrence of muscle strains in midlife
True
Muscle changes in midlife
-Muscle mass declines
-Decreased strength and endurance
-Fat deposits increase
(there’s more)
LE muscular strength is reduced by ____% bet. ages _____
40
30-80
True or false: A low-fat diet with regular exercise, including resistance training offset excess weight and muscle loss
True
Severe age related bone loss
Osteoporosis
____% of US adults age 50 and older have osteoporosis
10
From middle to late adulthood, osteoporosis increases _________ in women (from _____%), and ________ in men (from ______%)
Fivefold: 7-35
Triples: 3-11
True or false: Osteoporosis may not be evident until a fracture occurs
True
Fractures typically occur in the…
Spine, hips, and/or wrist
To treat osteoporosis, doctors recommend:
-A diet enriched with calcium and Vitamin D
-Weight bearing exercise
-Resistance training
-Bone strengthening medications
Coordination declines in ____
30s
Adults who are more _________ may not experience as significant of a decline
Physically active
Age-related changes of the vestibular system begin at ____
40s
True or false: The number of sensory cells and nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system decrease
True
True or false: Neural changes never happen in the vestibular nerve
False
(changes are possible)
True or false: The vestibular system shows a decline in function with aging
True
Common issues in the vestibular system for those over 50
Dizziness and vertigo
There is a ____% in hair cells and ____% reduction in peripheral nerve fibers in adults over 70
40
36
Deterioration in central vestibular integrative functions lead to impaired _________
Balance
Causes of impaired balance
-Increased thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei
-Vestibular system becomes unreliable when visual and proprioceptive input conflicts
Three basic stages of menopause
Perimenopause
Menopause
Postmenopause
Hormones that stimulate the menstrual cycle
Estrogen and progesterone
During menopause, this occurs…
Ovaries begin to atrophy which causes a decline in the production of the hormones that stimulate the menstrual cycle
The perimenopause or pre-menopause stage occurs ____ years before menopause
3-5
True or false: The age at which females experience perimenopause is the same
False
(age can vary)
Most females begin to experience symptoms of perimenopause in their mid to late ____
Forties
True or false: During perimenopause, estrogen and progesterone levels begin to fluctuate. Individuals may begin to experience mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles and other menopausal symptoms.
True
True or false: During perimenopause, it is impossible to get pregnant
False
(still possible)
The absence of menses for 12 straight months without other causes, such as illness, medication or pregnancy.
Menopause
True or false: Once the female reaches menopause, she can no longer achieve pregnancy
True
The average age of menopause is _____, but the age can vary greatly
51
Some enter menopause in their _________ and others not until __________
Mid-forties
Mid-fifties
Signals the end of the female’s reproductive years. While the ovaries produce low levels of estrogen and progesterone, females will no longer ovulate or menstruate.
Post-menopause stage
True or false: Once one enters the post menopause stage, individuals no longer have the same symptoms they experienced during the perimenopause and menopause stages for many years after the final menstrual cycle.
False
(may continue)
True or false: Perimenopause/menopause symptoms experienced during post-menopause tend to dissipate over time
True
Females in the post-menopause stage are at increased risk of…due to decrease in…
Heart disease and osteoporosis
Estrogen
Menopause symptoms often can be managed by…
Healthy diet
Regular exercise
Lifestyle modifications
These may help control intense symptoms that disrupt quality of life during post-menopause
Hormone replacement therapy and other medications
Refers to the symptoms men experience as their testosterone production levels decrease with age
Andropause
After the age of ____, ____________ levels start to decline and the symptoms associated with andropause begin to manifest
40
Testosterone
Second most common cause of death in people bet. 45-64 yrs
Heart disease
About 25% of middle age Americans who die, die from _____________
Cardiovascular disease
Build of plaque in the arteries
Atherosclerosis
“Silent killers” of cardiovascular disease b/c they often have no symptoms
High BP
High cholesterol
Atherosclerosis
Leading cause of death among people ages 45-64
Cancer
From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer multiple tenfold, accounting for about ___% of all midlife deaths in the US
30
Most common cancer in females
Breast cancer
Most common type of cancer in males
Prostate cancer
Second most common cancer in both genders
Lung cancer
Third most common cancer in both genders
Colon cancer
A complex interaction of… contributes to cancer
Hereditary
Biological aging
Environment
First and second leading causes of death
1 Cancer
#2 Heart disease
(men higher than women)
Wellness and prevention in middle age
Mammogram
Coloscopy
Regular skin checks
Diet
Exercise
