Week 1- Postural Control Flashcards
What is the age range for infancy?
It is birth to 1 year
What are the parts of infancy?
Neonatal and infant are part of infancy
What is the age range for neonatal?
It is birth to 2 weeks of age
What is the age range for infant?
It is 3 weeks to 12 months of age
What is the age range for toddlerhood?
It is 13 months to 2 years (includes 2 yrs, 11 months)
What are the parts of early childhood?
Preschool and elementary school are part of early childhood
What is the age range for preschool?
It is 3 yrs to 5 yrs
What is the age range for elementary school?
It is 5 yrs to 10 yrs (includes 10 yrs, 11 months)
What is the age range for adolescence?
It is 11 yrs to 18 yrs
What is the age range for young adulthood?
It is 18+ yrs
True or False: Pediatric PT’s are often involved in the care of children through early adulthood
True
What is the age range for adulthood?
It is 22-40 yrs
What is the age range for middle age?
It is 40-65 yrs
What is the age range for late adulthood?
It is 65+ yrs
What does Advanced Maternal Age (AMA) describe?
It describes a pregnancy where the mother is older than 35
Who developed the eight stages of development?
Erik Erikson developed the eight stages of development
What does the eight stages of development theorize?
There is a specific psychological struggle that takes place through the eight stages of a person’s life. These struggles contribute to one’s personality throughout their development.
What is postural control?
It involves controlling the body’s position in space for the dual purposes of stability and orientation
What is postural orientation?
It is the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body segments and between the body and the environment for a task
What is postural stability?
It is the ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the base of support
What is center of mass (COM)?
It is the point that is at the center of the total body mass
Where is the center of mass (COM)?
It is anterior to S-2 in the upright position
What is the center of mass (COM) controlled by?
It is controlled by the postural system
What is center of gravity?
It is the vertical projection of the center of mass (COM)
What is the center of gravity dependent on?
It is dependent on the weight and distribution of weight within the body
What is the center of pressure (COP)?
It is the center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface
Why does the center of pressure (COP) move continuously around the COM?
It keeps the COM within the support base
What is the base of support (BOS)?
It is the area of the body that is in contact with the support surface
What is quiet stance?
It is the small amount of spontaneous postural sway as the body moves continuously within its BOS
Where does the vertical line of gravity fall in the midline between?
It falls in the midline between:
-mastoid process
-anterior to shoulder joints
-hip joints
-anterior to knee joints
-anterior to ankle joints
What are the the tones for body alignment in quiet stance?
They are muscle tone and postural tone
What is muscle tone?
It is the force to which a muscle resists being lengthened (stiffness)
What happens when we stand upright?
Activity increases in antigravity postural muscles to counteract the force of gravity
What is critical to postural tone?
Sensory inputs from multiple systems
True or False: Postural control, stability, and orientation requirements will not vary with the task and environment
False
What are the three types of postural control?
-Steady state control
-Reactive control
-Proactive or anticipatory control
What is steady-state control?
It is the ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable and nonchanging conditions (ex: sitting, standing quietly)
What is reactive control?
It occurs in response to outside forces, such as perturbations, displacing the COG or moving the BOS (ex: being bumped in a crowd)
What is proactive or anticipatory control?
It occurs in anticipation of internally generated, destabilizing forces, such as the intent to move (ex: stepping onto a curb)
Which postural control provides a supportive framework for skilled movements?
Proactive/anticipatory control
True or False: Most functional tasks require all three aspects of balance control at some point or another
True
What does reactive balance rely on?
It relies on feedback mechanisms
How does reactive balance rely on feedback mechanisms?
Postural control that occurs in response to sensory feedback from an external perturbation