Week 12- Men's Health *need to finish Flashcards
Leading causes of death in males
1 Heart disease
#2 Cancer
#3 Unintentional injuries
#7 Suicide
___ in every ___ males deaths die from heart disease
1
4
Most common type of heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect the heart
Heart disease
Heart disease includes…
-Diseases of your blood vessels
-Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
-Heart infections
-Heart defects (congenital heart defects)
Refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked vessels
Coronary artery disease
Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup
Atherosclerosis
America’s #1 killers of men
Coronary heart disease
This occurs in coronary artery disease (CAD)
Plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Most common symptoms of CAD
-Chest pain
-Arrhythmia
-Heart attack
This happens because the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood
Chest pain
Irregular heart beat
Arrhythmia
Plaque totally blocks an artery carrying blood to the heart
Heart attack
Warning signs of a heart attack
-Chest discomfort (may come and go or may stay and last several minutes; may feel like pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain)
-Pain in other areas of the body (one or both arms, heck, jaw, back, or stomach)
-Shortness of breath (with or without chest pain)
-Cold sweat, nausea, lightheadedness
Major risk factors for heart disease
-HYPERTENSION
-HIGH CHOLESTEROL
-TOBACCO USE
-Diabetes
-Overweight and obesity
-Poor diet
-Physical inactivity
-Excessive alcohol use
____% of men smoke
22
____% of men are overweight
25.8
____% of men have hypertension
32
Life style changes for heart disease
-Eating low fat and low sodium diet
-Getting at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days of the week
-Quitting smoking
-Limiting alcohol consumption
Medications for heart disease
-Medications that lower BP
-Blood thinning medication
-Cholesterol lowing medication
Medical procedures/surgery for heart disease
-Coronary angioplasty
-Coronary artery bypass surgery
Placing a catheter in an artery and threading a small balloon and a stent to re-open the artery
Coronary angioplasty
Surgically inserted a vein taken from another part to bypass the blocked section of the artery
Coronary artery bypass surgery
Cancer risk factors in men
-Genetic predisposition
-Lifestyle choices (smoking, being overweight, lack of exercise)
Every year, more than ___________ men in the U.S. lose their lives to cancer
300,000
Three most common cancers among men
-Prostate cancer
-Lung cancer
-Colorectal (colon) cancer
Most common cancer in older men
Prostate cancer
Caused by tobacco use and secondhand smoke
Lung cancer
Most often found in people aged 50 years or older and associated with being overweight and lack of physical activity
Colorectal (colon) cancer
The prostate is the size of a __________
Walnut
This organ produces fluid that makes up a part of semen
Prostate
Throughout a man’s lifetime, the prostate normally increases in weight about ____ times, compared to its birth weight
21
The prostate grows _________ narrowing the urethra and ____________ urine flow
-Inwards
-Decreasing
The enlargement of the prostate is believed to be due to decreasing levels of _____________
Testosterone
Enlargement of the prostate
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
____% of men in their 50s have BPH
20
_____% of men in their 60s have BPH
60
_____% of men in their 70s have BPH
70
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
-Frequency
-Urgency
-Urge incontinence
-Nocturia
-Hesitancy
-Intermittent stream
-Dribbling
-Weak stream
-Urinary retention
-Chronic UTI
SLIDE 21
Risk factors for prostate cancer
-Age
-Family history
-Race
Most men with prostate cancer are older and do not die from the disease
The Silver Lining
Symptoms of prostate cancer
-Difficulty starting urination
-Weak or interrupted flow of urine
-Frequent urination, especially at night
-Difficulty emptying the bladder completely
-PAIN OR BURNING DURING URINATION
-BLOOD IN THE URINE OR SEMEN
-PERSISTENT PAIN THE BACK, HIPS, OR PELVIS
-PAINFUL EJACULATION
Screenings tests for prostate cancer
-Digital rectal exam (DRE)
-Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
Feel the size and tenderness of prostate, lumps or nodules or prostate cancer
Digital rectal exam (DRE)
A protein released by prostate
PSA
The level of PSA in the blood ___________ during prostate cancer
Increases
Diagnostic tests for prostate cancer
-Transrectal ultrasound
-Prostate biopsy
Treatments for prostate cancer
-Surgery
-Radiation therapy
-Hormone therapy
-Chemotherapy
Remove the prostate and surrounding tissues
Surgery (prostatectomy)
Destroys cancer cells or prevents them from growing
Radiation
Remove male sex hormones or block them from working which prevents cancer cells from growing
Hormone therapy
Use special drugs to shrink or kill the cancer
Chemotherapy
Dietary support
-Increase beans, nuts, seeds, and fiber
-Eat lots of veggies and fruits
-Eat cooked tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit (sources of lycopene, a potent antioxidant in the prostate gland)
-Eat less meat (ex: red meat)
-Low sugar (sugar increases insulin which increases conversion of testosterone to estrogen)
Leakage of urine is commonly caused by…
-Nerve problems
-Urinary sphincter problems
Urinary incontinence is associated with an increased risk of…
-Depression
-Sleep disruption
-Lost productivity in the workplace
-Sexual dysfunction
Incontinent men, compared with incontinent women, reported more ___________ on social activities, possibly because UI is considered more “normal” for men
Restrictions
Urine leaks when you exert pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising or lifting something heavy
Stress incontinence
You have a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. You may need to urinate often, including throughout the night. It may be caused by a minor condition, such as infection, or a more severe condition such as a neurological disorder or diabetes
Urge incontinence
You experience frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to a bladder that doesn’t empty completely
Overflow incontinence
Most common incontinence after prostatectomy
Stress incontinence
A physical or mental impairment keeps you from making it to the toilet in time. For example, if you have severe arthritis, you may not be able to unbutton your pants quickly enough
Functional incontinence
You experience more than one type of urinary incontinence — most often this refers to a combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence
Mixed incontinence
PT Treatment of men’s urinary dysfunctions
-Pelvic floor muscle training (Kegels)
-Behavioral/lifestyle modifications
-Neuromuscular re-education or downtraining
-Functional training (proper toileting)
-Electrical stimulation
This occurs during male “menopause”
Decreasing testosterone levels or a reduction of bioavailability of testosterone with aging (hypogonadism)
Sexual symptoms of manopause
-decreased libido
-decreased erections
-retarded ejaculation
Psychological symptoms of manopause
-loss of energy
-decrease concentration
-decrease well being
-irritability, depression & memory
-insomnia, changes in sleep patterns
Physical symptoms of manopause
-decrease muscle mass
-increase visceral fat
-decrease bone mass
-decrease body hair
-hot flushes, tachycardia
-swollen or tender breasts (gynaecomastia)
Causes of manopause
-Pituitary/testes decline
-EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
-OBESITY
-SMOKING
-HYPERTENSION
-POOR DIET
-LACK OF EXERCISE
-Medications
-Poor circulation
-Psychological problems (depression)
Intervention for male menopause
-Hormonal supplements
-Lifestyle changes (healthy diet, exercise, stress relief)
____% of men over age 50 will have a osteoporosis-related fracture in their remaining lifetime
25
Men have a _________ chance of having a hip fracture related to osteoporosis than developing prostate cancer after the age of 50
Greater
Most common cause of osteoporosis in men
Testosterone deficiency
Associated factors that cause osteoporosis in men
-Body weight
-Exercise
-Alcohol
-Smoking
-Thyroid disease
-Rheumatic diseases
Osteoporosis related to age
Primary
Osteoporosis related to lifestyle, diseases, or medications
Secondary
Risk factors for osteoporosis
-Alcoholism
-Caffeine
-Immobilization
-Medications
Name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke
Metabolic syndrome
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the U.S.
25% of the population
Refers to the biochemical processes involved in the body’s normal functioning
Metabolic
Researchers are not sure whether metabolic syndrome is due to one single cause, but all of the risks for the syndrome are related to _________.
Obesity
Abdominal fat cells are __________ and more _________ than gluteal fat
-Bigger
-Active
Abdominal fat often correlates with ________ fat
Visceral
Abdominal fat is associated with…
-Heart diseases
-Diabetes
-High BP
-Gallstones
-High cholesterol
_________ shape is worse than _________ shape
Apple
Pear
The apple shape is due to __________ not genes
Lifestyle
SLIDES 45-46,48-49
Leading causes of unintentional deaths in males
-Motor vehicle accidents
-Drug poisoning
Males are ___ times more likely to die from drowning. Alcohol is involved up to ____% of cases.
4
50
SLIDE 55
Typical symptoms of depression
-Feeling down in the dumps
-Sleeping poorly
-Feeling sad, guilty or worthless
-Men have bouts of crying less than women
-Physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain
Common symptoms of depression in men
-Escapist behaviors, such as spending a lot of time at work or on sports
-Alcohol or substance abuse
-Quick to anger and frustration
-Controlling, violent or abusive behavior
-Risky behavior, such as reckless driving
-Infidelity or unhealthy sexual relationships
-Losing weight without trying
-Loss of concentration
-Isolation from family and friends
-Avoiding pleasurable activities
Work-related stress in males
-Lack of control over responsibilities
-Unreasonable demands for performance
-Conflicts with supervisors or co-workers
-Lack of job security
-Night-shift work
-Excessive overtime
-Too much time away from home
Wages don’t match responsibility
Common men’s pelvic floor disorders
-Chronic Prostatitis
-Scrotal/Testicular Pain
-Neuralgias- Pudendal, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral
-Anismus
-Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence
-Urinary Urgency/Frequency
-Urinary Hesitancy/Weak stream
-Constipation
-Erectile Dysfunction
