Week 12- Men's Health *need to finish Flashcards by Amber Zimmer

Leading causes of death in males

1 Heart disease

#2 Cancer
#3 Unintentional injuries
#7 Suicide

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___ in every ___ males deaths die from heart disease

1
4

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Most common type of heart disease

Coronary artery disease

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Broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect the heart

Heart disease

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Heart disease includes…

-Diseases of your blood vessels
-Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
-Heart infections
-Heart defects (congenital heart defects)

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Refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked vessels

Coronary artery disease

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Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup

Atherosclerosis

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America’s #1 killers of men

Coronary heart disease

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This occurs in coronary artery disease (CAD)

Plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart

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Most common symptoms of CAD

-Chest pain
-Arrhythmia
-Heart attack

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This happens because the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood

Chest pain

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Irregular heart beat

Arrhythmia

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Plaque totally blocks an artery carrying blood to the heart

Heart attack

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Warning signs of a heart attack

-Chest discomfort (may come and go or may stay and last several minutes; may feel like pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain)

-Pain in other areas of the body (one or both arms, heck, jaw, back, or stomach)

-Shortness of breath (with or without chest pain)

-Cold sweat, nausea, lightheadedness

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Major risk factors for heart disease

-HYPERTENSION
-HIGH CHOLESTEROL
-TOBACCO USE
-Diabetes
-Overweight and obesity
-Poor diet
-Physical inactivity
-Excessive alcohol use

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____% of men smoke

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____% of men are overweight

25.8

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____% of men have hypertension

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Life style changes for heart disease

-Eating low fat and low sodium diet
-Getting at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days of the week
-Quitting smoking
-Limiting alcohol consumption

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Medications for heart disease

-Medications that lower BP
-Blood thinning medication
-Cholesterol lowing medication

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Medical procedures/surgery for heart disease

-Coronary angioplasty
-Coronary artery bypass surgery

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Placing a catheter in an artery and threading a small balloon and a stent to re-open the artery

Coronary angioplasty

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Surgically inserted a vein taken from another part to bypass the blocked section of the artery

Coronary artery bypass surgery

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Cancer risk factors in men

-Genetic predisposition
-Lifestyle choices (smoking, being overweight, lack of exercise)

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Every year, more than ___________ men in the U.S. lose their lives to cancer

300,000

Three most common cancers among men

-Prostate cancer -Lung cancer -Colorectal (colon) cancer

Most common cancer in older men

Prostate cancer

Caused by tobacco use and secondhand smoke

Lung cancer

Most often found in people aged 50 years or older and associated with being overweight and lack of physical activity

Colorectal (colon) cancer

The prostate is the size of a __________

Walnut

This organ produces fluid that makes up a part of semen

Prostate

Throughout a man's lifetime, the prostate normally increases in weight about ____ times, compared to its birth weight

The prostate grows _________ narrowing the urethra and ____________ urine flow

-Inwards -Decreasing

The enlargement of the prostate is believed to be due to decreasing levels of _____________

Testosterone

Enlargement of the prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

____% of men in their 50s have BPH

_____% of men in their 60s have BPH

_____% of men in their 70s have BPH

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

-Frequency -Urgency -Urge incontinence -Nocturia -Hesitancy -Intermittent stream -Dribbling -Weak stream -Urinary retention -Chronic UTI

SLIDE 21

Risk factors for prostate cancer

-Age -Family history -Race

Most men with prostate cancer are older and do not die from the disease

The Silver Lining

Symptoms of prostate cancer

-Difficulty starting urination -Weak or interrupted flow of urine -Frequent urination, especially at night -Difficulty emptying the bladder completely -PAIN OR BURNING DURING URINATION -BLOOD IN THE URINE OR SEMEN -PERSISTENT PAIN THE BACK, HIPS, OR PELVIS -PAINFUL EJACULATION

Screenings tests for prostate cancer

-Digital rectal exam (DRE) -Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test

Feel the size and tenderness of prostate, lumps or nodules or prostate cancer

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

A protein released by prostate

PSA

The level of PSA in the blood ___________ during prostate cancer

Increases

Diagnostic tests for prostate cancer

-Transrectal ultrasound -Prostate biopsy

Treatments for prostate cancer

-Surgery -Radiation therapy -Hormone therapy -Chemotherapy

Remove the prostate and surrounding tissues

Surgery (prostatectomy)

Destroys cancer cells or prevents them from growing

Radiation

Remove male sex hormones or block them from working which prevents cancer cells from growing

Hormone therapy

Use special drugs to shrink or kill the cancer

Chemotherapy

Dietary support

-Increase beans, nuts, seeds, and fiber -Eat lots of veggies and fruits -Eat cooked tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit (sources of lycopene, a potent antioxidant in the prostate gland) -Eat less meat (ex: red meat) -Low sugar (sugar increases insulin which increases conversion of testosterone to estrogen)

Leakage of urine is commonly caused by...

-Nerve problems -Urinary sphincter problems

Urinary incontinence is associated with an increased risk of...

-Depression -Sleep disruption -Lost productivity in the workplace -Sexual dysfunction

Incontinent men, compared with incontinent women, reported more ___________ on social activities, possibly because UI is considered more "normal" for men

Restrictions

Urine leaks when you exert pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising or lifting something heavy

Stress incontinence

You have a sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by an involuntary loss of urine. You may need to urinate often, including throughout the night. It may be caused by a minor condition, such as infection, or a more severe condition such as a neurological disorder or diabetes

Urge incontinence

You experience frequent or constant dribbling of urine due to a bladder that doesn't empty completely

Overflow incontinence

Most common incontinence after prostatectomy

Stress incontinence

A physical or mental impairment keeps you from making it to the toilet in time. For example, if you have severe arthritis, you may not be able to unbutton your pants quickly enough

Functional incontinence

You experience more than one type of urinary incontinence — most often this refers to a combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence

Mixed incontinence

PT Treatment of men's urinary dysfunctions

-Pelvic floor muscle training (Kegels) -Behavioral/lifestyle modifications -Neuromuscular re-education or downtraining -Functional training (proper toileting) -Electrical stimulation

This occurs during male "menopause"

Decreasing testosterone levels or a reduction of bioavailability of testosterone with aging (hypogonadism)

Sexual symptoms of manopause

-decreased libido -decreased erections -retarded ejaculation

Psychological symptoms of manopause

-loss of energy -decrease concentration -decrease well being -irritability, depression & memory -insomnia, changes in sleep patterns

Physical symptoms of manopause

-decrease muscle mass -increase visceral fat -decrease bone mass -decrease body hair -hot flushes, tachycardia -swollen or tender breasts (gynaecomastia)

Causes of manopause

-Pituitary/testes decline -EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION -OBESITY -SMOKING -HYPERTENSION -POOR DIET -LACK OF EXERCISE -Medications -Poor circulation -Psychological problems (depression)

Intervention for male menopause

-Hormonal supplements -Lifestyle changes (healthy diet, exercise, stress relief)

____% of men over age 50 will have a osteoporosis-related fracture in their remaining lifetime

Men have a _________ chance of having a hip fracture related to osteoporosis than developing prostate cancer after the age of 50

Greater

Most common cause of osteoporosis in men

Testosterone deficiency

Associated factors that cause osteoporosis in men

-Body weight -Exercise -Alcohol -Smoking -Thyroid disease -Rheumatic diseases

Osteoporosis related to age

Primary

Osteoporosis related to lifestyle, diseases, or medications

Secondary

Risk factors for osteoporosis

-Alcoholism -Caffeine -Immobilization -Medications

Name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke

Metabolic syndrome

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the U.S.

25% of the population

Refers to the biochemical processes involved in the body's normal functioning

Metabolic

Researchers are not sure whether metabolic syndrome is due to one single cause, but all of the risks for the syndrome are related to _________.

Obesity

Abdominal fat cells are __________ and more _________ than gluteal fat

-Bigger -Active

Abdominal fat often correlates with ________ fat

Visceral

Abdominal fat is associated with...

-Heart diseases -Diabetes -High BP -Gallstones -High cholesterol

_________ shape is worse than _________ shape

Apple Pear

The apple shape is due to __________ not genes

Lifestyle

SLIDES 45-46,48-49

Leading causes of unintentional deaths in males

-Motor vehicle accidents -Drug poisoning

Males are ___ times more likely to die from drowning. Alcohol is involved up to ____% of cases.

4 50

SLIDE 55

Typical symptoms of depression

-Feeling down in the dumps -Sleeping poorly -Feeling sad, guilty or worthless -Men have bouts of crying less than women -Physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive disorders and chronic pain

Common symptoms of depression in men

-Escapist behaviors, such as spending a lot of time at work or on sports -Alcohol or substance abuse -Quick to anger and frustration -Controlling, violent or abusive behavior -Risky behavior, such as reckless driving -Infidelity or unhealthy sexual relationships -Losing weight without trying -Loss of concentration -Isolation from family and friends -Avoiding pleasurable activities

Work-related stress in males

-Lack of control over responsibilities -Unreasonable demands for performance -Conflicts with supervisors or co-workers -Lack of job security -Night-shift work -Excessive overtime -Too much time away from home Wages don’t match responsibility

Common men's pelvic floor disorders

-Chronic Prostatitis -Scrotal/Testicular Pain -Neuralgias- Pudendal, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral -Anismus -Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence -Urinary Urgency/Frequency -Urinary Hesitancy/Weak stream -Constipation -Erectile Dysfunction