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MED2005 > Week 8 Lec > Flashcards

Week 8 Lec Flashcards

1
Q

large intestine absorption struc

A

microvilli
simple columnar epithelial cells

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2
Q

large intestine secretion struc

A

abundant Goblet cells
crypts of lieberkuhn

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3
Q

large intestine elimination struc

A

teniae coli of muscularis externa
sphinctors

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4
Q

colon mucosa

A

Mucosa
* simple columnar epithelium
* muscularis mucosae
* cellular lamina propria
* NO villi
* simple tubular glands = crypts of Lieberkuhn
* stem cells in bottom of crypts

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5
Q

colon Submucosa type of CT

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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6
Q

colon muscularis externa

A
  • inner circular smooth muscle
  • outer longitudinal smooth muscle = tenia coli
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7
Q

colon serosa

A
  • simple squamous mesothelium
  • loose connective tissue
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8
Q

colon epithelium

A

Enterocytes – simple
columnar epithelia
Goblet cells abundant,
4:1 in colon
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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9
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

located between the inner & outer smooth muscle
between circular and longtiudnal muscle

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10
Q

Colon = large intestine
How does it differ from the small intestine?

A
  • To increase functional surface area:
    microvilli only
  • Goblet cells abundant in epithelium
    for lubrication
  • NO paneth cells
  • NO villi
  • Crypts of leiberkuhn – simple tubular glands
  • Teniae coli of muscularis externa
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11
Q

Anal Canal
distinguishing histological features : upper region

A

simple columnar epithelium
numerous glands + goblet cells
smooth muscle

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12
Q

Anal Canal
distinguishing histological features : lower region

A

stratified squamous epithelium
numerous glands
skeletal muscle

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13
Q

Anal Canal
distinguishing histological features : anal columns

A

vertical fold of mucosa and submucosa
allow stretch
contain rectal arteries and veins

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14
Q

liver bile production function

A

BILE production
Bile contains cholesterol, bile salts (made from cholesterol == Emulsifies fats in GIT ), phospholipids and bile pigment (haem in erythrocytes=> bilirubin ==give faeces their colour)

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15
Q

liver alcohol metabolism function

A

ALCOHOL metabolized to acetate + acetaldehyde
excreted in urine, skin, lung

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16
Q

liver aa metabolism function

A

Amino acids–> ammonia–> urea excreted by kidneys

17
Q

liver plasma prodteins production function

A

Production of plasma proteins such as albumin and clotting factors

18
Q

liver lipids production function

A

Lipid metabolism (cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids)

19
Q

lipid storage function

A

Storage of iron, Vit B12, folic acid and glycogen

20
Q

Portal triad

A

portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct

21
Q

Hepatocytes Surface specializations:

A
  • 2 free surfaces facing sinusoids covered in short microvilli
  • Desmosomes & gap junctions between hepatocytes
  • Bile canaliculi (1μm diameter) between hepatocytes
22
Q

Sinusoids epithelium

A

Endotheium
discontinuous with large fenestrae and
incomplete basement membrane

23
Q

sinusoids kupffer cells

A

Phagocytes destroy microorganisms, damaged erythrocytes…
No junctions with the endothelial cells
Rest on the apical surface of the endothelial cells in the
sinusoid lumen

24
Q

sinusoids stellate cells

A

Store Vitamin A
Activated in liver disease to secrete collagen –> fibrotic cirrhosis

25
Q

Space of Disse

A
  • Site of exchange of material between blood & hepatocytes
  • Lies between the surface of hepatocytes & endothelial cells
  • Hepatocyte microvilli project into this space
  • Stellate cells located in space of disse

Plasma that remains in space of disse (lymph) drains away via
canals then lymph vessels in the portal triads to thoracic duct
Space of Disse

26
Q

Gallbladder function

A
  1. Stores, concentrates & adds mucus to BILE
  2. BILE released in response to fatty foods in duodenum
27
Q

gall bladder

A

Folded mucosa
simple columnar epithelium + lamina propria
* Muscularis externa
* Adventitia with elastic fibres & adipocytes
& outer free surface covered with serosa (peritoneum)
* NO muscularis mucosae or submucosa present

28
Q

Pancreas functions acini

A

ACINI secretions contain over 20 digestive inactive enzymes
trypsinogens, protease, elastase, lipase…
plus water & electrolytes

29
Q

pancreas function ducts

A

Pancreatic DUCTS add bicarbonate ions (alkaline fluid)

30
Q

pancreas duodenal mucosa function

A

Enteropeptidases released from DUODENAL MUCOSA
activate the enzymes for digestion

31
Q

Pancreas Duodenal enteroendocrine cells

A

release cholecystokinin CCK & secretin into the blood
CKK : enzyme secretion
secretin : water & electrolyte secretion

MED2005 (12 decks)

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