Lower limb

Question 1

superior and inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 1

Plexus: Sacral
Major Regions Traversed: Pelvic Cavity, Gluteal Region (butt, posterior/behind)
Major Muscles Innervated: Gluteal muscles (e.g., Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus)
Skin Supplied: None

Question 2

femoral nerve

Answer 2

Plexus: Lumbar (front ==sacral posterior)
Major Regions Traversed: Abdominal Cavity, Anterior Thigh, Lateral Leg
Major Muscles Innervated: Anterior Thigh muscles (e.g., Quadriceps)
Skin Supplied: Anterior Thigh, Medial Leg

Question 3

obturator nerve

Answer 3

Plexus: Lumbar
Major Regions Traversed: Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity, Medial Thigh
Major Muscles Innervated: Medial Thigh muscles (e.g., Adductor muscles)
Skin Supplied: Medial Thigh

Question 4

tibial nerve

Answer 4

Plexus: Sacral
Major Regions Traversed: Pelvic Cavity, Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh, Posterior Leg, Ventral Foot
Major Muscles Innervated: Posterior Thigh muscles, Posterior Leg muscles, Ventral Intrinsic Foot muscles
Skin Supplied: Posterior Leg, Ventral Foot

Question 5

common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Answer 5

Plexus: Sacral
Major Regions Traversed: Pelvic Cavity, Posterior Thigh, Leg, Dorsal Foot
Major Muscles Innervated: Anterior Leg muscles, Lateral Leg muscles, Dorsal Intrinsic Foot muscles
Skin Supplied: Lateral Leg, Dorsal Foot

tibia = medial, fibular. = lateral

Question 6

REGIONS LOWER LIMB

Answer 6

hip& gluteal region
thigh & knee region
leg & ankle region
foot region

Question 7

Hip & Gluteal Region

Answer 7

Bones: Hip, Proximal Femur
Joints: SIJ (Sacroiliac Joint), HJ (Hip Joint)
Muscles: Gluteal, Anterior, Medial, Lateral Thigh
Regional Contribution to Walking: Advance limb in swing, advance body throughout stance.

Question 8

thigh and knee region

Answer 8

Bones: Femur, Patella, Proximal Tibia & Fibula
Joints: KJ (Knee Joint)
Muscles: Thigh and some leg muscles
Regional Contribution to Walking: Shorten/lengthen limb, resilience.

Question 9

leg and ankle region

Answer 9

Bones: Tibia, Fibula, Talus
Joints: TFJ’s (Tibiofibular Joints), AJ (Ankle Joint)
Muscles: Anterior, Lateral, Posterior Leg
Regional Contribution to Walking: Advance body in late stance.

Question 10

foot region

Answer 10

Bones: Tarsal, Metatarsal, Phalanges
Joints: ITJ’s (Intertarsal Joints), TMTJ’s (Tarsometatarsal Joints), MTPJ’s (Metatarsophalangeal Joints), IPJ’s (Interphalangeal Joints)
Muscles: Intrinsic Foot Muscles, Tendons of some leg muscles
Regional Contribution to Walking: Moulding, resilience, grip, rigid lever assisting thrust late stance.

Question 11

hip joint

Answer 11

Bones Forming: Hip, Femur
Mechanical Classification: Ball and Socket
Movements: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation
Muscles Moving Example: Rectus Femoris, Gluteus Maximus

Question 12

knee joint

Answer 12

Bones Forming: Femur, Tibia, Patella
Mechanical Classification: Modified Hinge
Movements: Flexion, Extension
Muscles Moving Example: Gastrocnemius, Quadriceps

Question 13

ankle joint

Answer 13

Bones Forming: Tibia, Fibula, Talus
Mechanical Classification: Hinge
Movements: Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion
Muscles Moving Example: Gastrocnemius

Question 14

foot joint

Answer 14

Bones Forming: Tarsal, Metatarsal, Phalanges
Mechanical Classification: Varies, Multiple Joints
Movements: Inversion, Eversion, Toe Extension, Toe Flexion
Muscles Moving Example: Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Question 15

illiopsoas muscle

Answer 15

Group: Hip
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Hip
Key Action: Flexion
Other Actions: N/A

Question 16

rectus femoris muscle

Answer 16

Group: Part of Quadriceps, Anterior Thigh
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Hip, Knee
Key Action: Flexion (Hip), Extension (Knee)
Other Actions: N/A

Question 17

gluteus maximum muscle

Answer 17

Group: Gluteal
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Hip
Key Action: Extension
Other Actions: N/A

Question 18

biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus

Answer 18

Group: Posterior Thigh
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Hip and Knee
Key Action: Extend Hip, Flex Knee
Other Actions: N/A

Question 19

gastrocnemius muscle

Answer 19

Group: Posterior Leg
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Knee and Ankle
Key Action: Flex Knee, Plantarflex Ankle
Other Actions: N/A

Question 20

soleus muscle

Answer 20

Group: Posterior Leg
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Ankle
Key Action: Plantarflexion
Other Actions: N/A

Question 21

ventral intrisic foot muscle grou[

Answer 21

Group: Ventral Intrinsic Foot
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: Many Distal Foot Joints
Key Action: Flex Toes
Other Actions: Stabilize Arches, Protect Supply, Moulding Cushion

Question 22

extnersor digitorum longus

Answer 22

Group: anterior legs
Joint/Bone/Structure Acted Upon: knee and ankle
Key Action: dorsiflexion
Other Actions: N/A

Question 23

Walking Cycle: Stance Phase (HS - Heel Strike to TO - Toe Off)

Answer 23

Hip Joint/Region: Extension throughout by the Posterior Thigh Muscles producing thrust 1 (advances body).

Knee Joint/Region: Resilience. Adjusts effective length.

Ankle Joint/Foot/Region: Plantar flexion in late stance by the Posterior Leg Muscles, with a rigid foot producing thrust 2 (advances body).

Foot: Flexible, becomes Rigid during late stance to assist thrust

Question 24

Walking Cycle: Swing Phase (TO - Toe Off to HS - Heel Strike)

Answer 24

Hip Joint/Region: Flexion throughout by Rectus Femoris, Iliopsoas. Resets the limb.

Knee Joint/Region: Extension in late swing to maximize distance of next stance phase.

Ankle Joint/Foot/Region: Dorsiflexion mid-swing helps the foot clear the ground.

Foot: Flexible, preparing for the next Heel Strike (HS).