elbow Flashcards
What is the definition of the arm?
The region between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint.
What is the definition of the elbow?
The region around the elbow joint.
What is the definition of the forearm?
The region between the elbow joint and the wrist joint.
What does ‘proximal’ refer to in anatomical terms?
Nearer the trunk.
What does ‘distal’ refer to in anatomical terms?
Further away from the trunk.
What are the two movements associated with the forearm?
Pronation and supination.
Where is the radius located?
On the lateral side of the forearm.
What are the main anatomical features of the radius?
- Head
- Shaft
- Distal end
- Neck
- Tuberosity
- Styloid process
- Ulna notch
- Articular surfaces
What articulations does the radius participate in?
- Elbow joint
- Superior radioulnar joint
- Inferior radioulnar joint
- Wrist joint
What muscles are attached to the radius?
- All supinators and pronators
- Some deep anterior and posterior forearm muscles
- Brachioradialis
Where is the ulna located?
On the medial side of the forearm.
What are the main anatomical features of the ulna?
- Olecranon
- Shaft
- Head
- Trochlear notch
- Coronoid process
- Tuberosity
- Radial notch
- Styloid process
- Articular surfaces
What articulations does the ulna participate in?
- Elbow joint
- Superior radioulnar joint
- Inferior radioulnar joint
What muscles are attached to the ulna?
- Triceps
- Brachialis
- Supinator
- Pronator quadratus
- Some deep anterior and posterior forearm muscles
What is the elbow joint?
An articulation between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlear of the humerus and between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus.
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge joint.
What ligaments are associated with the elbow joint?
- Radial collateral ligament
- Ulna collateral ligament
What movements occur at the elbow joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
What muscles are responsible for flexion at the elbow joint?
- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii
What muscle is responsible for extension at the elbow joint?
Triceps
What is the cubital fossa?
A triangular space anterior to the elbow joint.
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
- Superior border: line between the epicondyles of the humerus
- Medial border: lateral border of pronator teres
- Lateral border: medial border of brachioradialis
- Floor: brachialis (medially), supinator (laterally)
- Roof: skin
What are the contents of the cubital fossa from medial to lateral?
- Median nerve
- Brachial artery
- Biceps tendon and aponeurosis
- Radial nerve
- Basilic vein
- Median cubital vein
- Cephalic vein
What structures are found in a cross-section of the arm region?
- Deep fascia
- Septa
- Anterior and posterior compartments
- Shaft of humerus
- Brachialis
- Biceps
- Triceps
- Median nerve
- Ulna nerve
- Radial nerve
- Brachial artery
- Basilic vein
- Cephalic vein
What role does the elbow region play in manipulation?
Allows effective length variation of the upper limb for hand movement.
What is the significance of force transfer in the arm and elbow?
Force transfer through the humerus for the arm and with the distal humerus and proximal ulna for the elbow region.
What are the anterior muscles of the arm?
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii
What is the posterior muscle of the arm?
Triceps
What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the innervation of the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the action of the biceps brachii?
Flexion at the shoulder joint, flexion at the elbow joint, and supination.
What is the innervation of the triceps?
Radial nerve
What is the close-packed position of the elbow joint?
Ulna part extended, radial part semi-flexed and semi-pronated.
True or False: The ulna collateral ligament limits abduction of the forearm on the arm.
False.
What is a good test for the musculocutaneous nerve?
Flexion of the elbow joint.
What is a good test for the radial nerve?
Elbow extension.
